A 6-year-old male patient presented with microcephaly, microphthalmia, absent thumb, ectopic kidney, and recurrent epistaxis. The most informative diagnostic test explaining the underlying etiology is:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Chromosomal breakage test helps diagnose Fanconi anemia, a genetic disorder characterized by congenital anomalies, bone marrow failure, and increased chromosomal fragility.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Use of hallucinogens significantly increases the risk score due to its potential for severe psychological and physical harm.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: History alone is not always reliable. Many cases of F.B. aspiration present with subtle or delayed symptoms, requiring imaging and bronchoscopy for confirmation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Yellow fever vaccine is contraindicated in children with egg allergy as it is prepared using egg-based culture systems.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Yellow fever vaccine is contraindicated in children with egg allergy as it is prepared using egg-based culture systems.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Congenital infections typically cause jaundice after the first 24 hours of life. The other conditions can cause early-onset jaundice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Peanuts are the most common cause of food allergy reactions in older children and adults.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pneumatosis intestinalis is a hallmark sign of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), characterized by gas within the bowel wall.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Digitalis is used to manage chronic cardiac conditions but is not a first-line drug in resuscitation.