ATI RN
Pediatric Infectious Disease Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 6-year-old child with surgically repaired cyanotic CHD with prosthetic valve presented with sudden attack of unexplained fever, malaise, and weight loss; on examination there are palpable spleen, tachycardia, and a new heart murmur. Of the following, the MOST likely etiologic pathogen of this condition is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Viridans streptococci (A) are the most common cause of subacute endocarditis with prosthetic valves, per IDSA.
Question 2 of 5
Ali's mother is worried about her 10-month-old infant who is exposed to his sister with hepatitis A viral infection. Of the following, the BEST advice is to
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Immunoglobulin (C) within 14 days post-exposure prevents HAV in infants <1 year, per CDC, as vaccine (B) is less effective at this age.
Question 3 of 5
In general, 8% of girls and 2% of boys have a UTI by 11 years of age, but approximately 75% of infants with bacteriuria are male in age group of
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Males predominate (75%) in UTIs <3 months (A) due to uncircumcision risks, per epidemiology.
Question 4 of 5
A 2-year-old child presented with fever, irritability, and inability to walk; on examination there is erythema, swelling, warmth, and tenderness over the lower thigh; radiographs of the left knee showed focal destruction of the distal femoral metaphysis and periosteal reaction. Of the following, the MOST common etiological pathogen of this condition is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: S. aureus (B) is the most common cause of osteomyelitis in children, per pediatric orthopedics.
Question 5 of 5
The BEST screening radiographic study for a patient with suspicious cervical lymphadenopathy, fever and weight loss is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chest X-ray is the best initial screening tool to evaluate for mediastinal masses or lung involvement in conditions like lymphoma.