ATI RN
Pediatric Infectious Disease NCLEX Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 6-year-old child present with low grade fever, pharyngitis and mild conjunctivitis. After about one week he developed facial rash with circumoral pallor followed by a pruritic reticulated rash over the body that waxes and wanes (recur with exercise and bathing). Of the following, the MOST likely cause is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Parvovirus B19 (C) causes erythema infectiosum with slapped-cheek rash and lacy body rash that waxes/wanes, fitting this description, per pediatric virology.
Question 2 of 5
Allergic rhinitis is characterized by all the following EXCEPT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Allergic rhinitis features polyps (A), shiners (B), no fever (C), and nasal crease (D). Swollen, erythematous turbinates (E) suggest infection, not allergy.
Question 3 of 5
The first-line therapy of sinusitis in children is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Amoxicillin-clavulanate (E) is first-line for pediatric sinusitis, covering common pathogens, per AAP guidelines.
Question 4 of 5
The MOST common cause of laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Parainfluenza viruses (B) are the leading cause of croup, per virology data.
Question 5 of 5
A 4-year-old child admitted to hospital with history of high fever, cough, and tachypnea; chest radiograph reveals lobar pneumonia treated with I.V. ceftriaxone with partial response; 7 days later, the fever recurs with toxicity, new chest radiograph reveals cavitary lesion with an air-fluid level. Of the following, the BEST management is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Necrotizing pneumonia with cavitation suggests S. aureus or anaerobes; adding clindamycin (D) targets these, per IDSA guidelines.