ATI RN
NCLEX Questions Pediatric Infectious Diseases Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 6-year-old child is brought to your office because a tiny tick was found and removed from his forearm. The parents are unsure how long the tick had been attached, although they thought that it probably had not been there for more than 1 day. They live in an area in which Lyme disease is common. The next step in the proper treatment of this patient should be to
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Short tick attachment (<24 hours) poses low risk; observation for erythema migrans is sufficient without prophylaxis.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following blood products has been shown to be of greatest risk in transfusion-associated disease due to $Y$. enterocolitica?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Y. enterocolitica thrives in stored RBCs, increasing transfusion risk.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following therapeutic options is the optimal method to manage symptomatic nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Surgical excision is the preferred treatment for nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis.
Question 4 of 5
A 5-year-old black male has had fever, headache, abdominal pain, and muscle aches for the preceding 3-4 days. His temperature is $103.4^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$, heart rate is 130, and respirations are 40 per minute. He appears acutely ill and dehydrated. He has no rash. No history of tick bite is obtained, and the child had recently been camping in rural Wisconsin. Laboratory findings include WBC count of $2,300 / \mathrm{mm}^3, 24 \%$ segmented neutrophils, $65 \%$ bands, $8 \%$ lymphocytes, and platelet count $57,000 / \mathrm{mm}^5$. Elevations in serum AST (465 IU/L; normal, 0-40 IU/L) were also present. A peripheral blood smear reveals small blue clusters of bacterialike bodies in an aggregate within the cytoplasm of $1 \%$ of circulating mononuclear WBCs. What is the most appropriate diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ehrlichiosis matches the fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and intracytoplasmic inclusions seen on smear.
Question 5 of 5
Scarlet fever is caused by
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Group A Streptococcus pyrogenic exotoxins cause scarlet fever.