A 6-year-old boy has a 1-year history of cough that is worse at night & with exercise. Which one of the following tests is most likely to assist you to make a diagnosis?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Spirometry is the best test to assess obstructive lung diseases such as asthma. It evaluates airflow limitation and reversibility with bronchodilators, helping confirm the diagnosis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Adolescents with severe violence behavior are more likely to continue such patterns into adulthood due to entrenched antisocial tendencies.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Absence of a central pulse (carotid or femoral) confirms cardiac arrest. Peripheral pulses may be weak in shock, but loss of a central pulse requires immediate resuscitation efforts.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Early postnatal dexamethasone is associated with adverse effects such as metabolic derangements, poor growth, and increased infection risk, but it is not directly linked to cerebral palsy. The other options are known risks.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Primary nocturnal enuresis is generally not linked to emotional disorders but instead to factors like genetics, bladder capacity, or nighttime urine production.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Enteroviruses, including Coxsackie and Echoviruses, are the most frequent cause of viral encephalitis worldwide, affecting both children and adults.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Persistent allergic rhinitis is characterized by more frequent and troublesome symptoms that impact daily life, distinguishing it from intermittent cases, which occur less frequently.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Allopurinol is not a major cause of DRESS syndrome, whereas anticonvulsants and sulfonamides are common triggers.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rh incompatibility does not 'never' occur in first-born infants. While it is less common, sensitization can occur during delivery or other events in the first pregnancy, leading to hemolytic disease in the first-born infant.