ATI RN
Quizlet Pharmacology ATI Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 6-year-old boy from Connecticut presents to the emergency department with a bulls-eye-shaped rash on his upper left arm after he went hiking with his family a couple of days ago. He also has had intermittent fevers and muscle aches. The blood test for Lyme disease is positive. He has a history of hearing loss in his left ear from trauma. What side effect would prevent the physician from treating the boy with doxycycline?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lyme disease (bulls-eye rash) in a 6-year-old is treated with doxycycline, but tooth discoloration in children under 8-contraindicates it. Tetracyclines bind calcium, staining developing teeth. Anemia , nephrotoxicity , and ototoxicity are rare. Myalgias (E) aren't relevant. Given his age, amoxicillin is preferred to avoid this permanent cosmetic effect, despite doxycycline's efficacy against Borrelia burgdorferi.
Question 2 of 5
A patient with focal complex partial seizures has been treated for 6 months with carbamazepine but, recently, has been experiencing breakthrough seizures on a more frequent basis. You are considering adding a second drug to the antiseizure regimen. Which of the following drugs is least likely to have a pharmacokinetic interaction with carbamazepine?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carbamazepine induces cytochrome P450 (e.g., CYP3A4), accelerating metabolism of drugs like topiramate, tiagabine, and lamotrigine, reducing their levels and complicating dosing. Levetiracetam, excreted renally with minimal hepatic metabolism, avoids P450 interactions, maintaining stable levels when added to carbamazepine. Zonisamide interacts via induction. Levetiracetam's lack of pharmacokinetic interference, per clinical pharmacology, makes it the safest adjunct, enhancing control without altering carbamazepine's efficacy.
Question 3 of 5
The client is prescribed a nasal decongestant spray. What information should the nurse include when educating the client about how to use this medication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nasal decongestant sprays (e.g., oxymetazoline) risk rebound congestion if used beyond 3-5 days, and excess drainage into the mouth should be spat out to avoid systemic effects (correct answers: 1, 3, 5). Blowing the nose clears passages, and limiting use prevents rebound, both key. Water isn't relevant. Choice D ensures safe administration, minimizing ingestion risks.
Question 4 of 5
A patient has been changed from a first generation H1 receptor antagonist to a second generation H1 receptor antagonist. The nurse evaluates that the patient understands the benefit of this change when which statement is made?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 5 of 5
A client is prescribed propranolol (Inderal) for migraines. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Propranolol, a beta-blocker, prevents migraines but requires consistent use'stopping if migraines cease risks rebound, showing a teaching gap. Pulse checking monitors bradycardia. Tiredness and orthostasis are expected. Abrupt cessation can worsen migraines, critical in prophylaxis where steady-state matters, making B the statement needing correction.