ATI RN
Endocrine System in Pediatrics Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 6-week-old infant has gained no weight since birth. She is mottled and has an indirect bilirubin level of 24 mg/dL. Her extremities are cold, and her temperature is 35°C. The most likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypothyroidism in infants presents with poor growth, jaundice, hypothermia, and mottling due to low metabolism.
Question 2 of 5
Hyperglycemia during diabetic ketoacidosis may be associated with
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hyponatremia occurs in DKA due to osmotic shifts from hyperglycemia.
Question 3 of 5
A 5-year-old boy develops vomiting and abdominal pain with signs of dehydration. He has been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus since the age of 4 year and he is on insulin therapy since that time. Of the following, the sign that differentiate this condition from gastroenteritis is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tachypnea in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) reflects compensatory hyperventilation due to acidosis, distinguishing it from gastroenteritis. Polyuria (A) and polydipsia (B) are chronic DM symptoms, while tenderness (C) and altered status (E) are nonspecific.
Question 4 of 5
Type 2 DM can be managed with lifestyle modifications, including nutrition therapy, increased exercise, and oral hypoglycemic agent (metformin); however, insulin therapy is necessary in special circumstances. Of the following, insulin treatment is required when there is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In type 2 DM, insulin is required when ketonuria indicates significant insulin deficiency or decompensation, beyond lifestyle or metformin control. Hyperglycemia (A, B) may be managed otherwise, and hyperkalemia (C) or hypophosphatemia (D) are not direct triggers.
Question 5 of 5
The staging of pubertal changes differs between both genders. The onset of puberty is marked by pubarche and gonadarche. Of the following, the first normal event of puberbertal maturation in boys is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Testicular enlargement (gonadarche) is the first sign of puberty in boys, typically at 11-12 years, preceding pubic hair (B), scrotal changes (C), voice deepening (D), and axillary hair (E).