ATI RN
Peter Attia Drugs Cardiovascular PCSK9 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 57-year-old woman being treated for end-stage breast cancer has been using a transdermal opioid analgesic as part of the management of pain. Lately, she has been experiencing breakthrough pain. The nurse expects this type of pain to be managed by
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: administering an immediate-release opioid. Breakthrough pain in cancer patients requires a quick-acting pain relief method. Immediate-release opioids are designed to provide rapid pain relief, making them the appropriate choice in this scenario. NSAIDs (Choice A) may not be sufficient for severe cancer pain. Changing the opioid route to rectal administration (Choice C) may not provide quicker relief than transdermal opioids. Continuing the current therapy without addressing breakthrough pain (Choice D) can lead to inadequate pain control.
Question 2 of 5
A patient is in the emergency department with a new onset of rapid-rate atrial fibrillation, and the nurse is preparing a continuous infusion. Which drug is most appropriate for this dysrhythmia?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 3 of 5
The prescriber has changed the patient’s medication regimen to include the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast (Singulair) to treat asthma. The nurse will emphasize which point about this medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist used for long-term control of asthma symptoms. Step 2: It works by blocking leukotrienes, which are responsible for inflammation and bronchoconstriction in asthma. Step 3: Taking montelukast daily maintains a consistent level in the body to effectively prevent asthma symptoms. Step 4: Even if symptoms improve, discontinuing montelukast abruptly can lead to a recurrence of symptoms. Step 5: Therefore, emphasizing the need for continuous daily use is crucial for optimal asthma management. Summary: A: Inhaler technique is not relevant for montelukast as it is taken orally, not inhaled. B: Montelukast is not a rescue medication for acute asthma attacks; it is for long-term control. D: Tapering or discontinuing montelukast without consulting the prescriber can lead to worsening of symptoms.
Question 4 of 5
What is the reason of complicated penetration of some drugs through brain-blood barrier?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Absence of pores in the brain capillary endothelium. The brain-blood barrier (BBB) is a selective barrier that prevents many substances from freely entering the brain. The brain capillary endothelium does not have pores like other capillaries in the body, making it impermeable to large molecules and pathogens. This selective permeability is crucial for maintaining the brain's delicate environment. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because high lipid solubility of a drug, meningitis, and high endocytosis degree in a brain capillary do not directly relate to the complicated penetration of drugs through the BBB.
Question 5 of 5
What is the type of drug-to-drug interaction which is connected with processes of absorption, biotransformation,distribution and excretion?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pharmacokinetic interaction. This type of drug interaction involves processes like absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the body. In pharmacokinetic interactions, one drug can affect the absorption, metabolism, or elimination of another drug, leading to changes in their effectiveness or toxicity. Pharmacodynamic interactions (A) involve how drugs affect the body at the target site. Physical and chemical interactions (B) refer to how drugs interact based on their chemical properties. Pharmaceutical interactions (C) are related to drug-drug interactions that occur during formulation or administration.