ATI RN
Central Nervous System Stimulants and Related Drugs NCLEX Style Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 57-year-old man with a seizure disorder takes anti-epileptic medications. His physician would like to use a medicine that is metabolized only by the CYP1A2 receptor. Which of the following agents would be preferred?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this scenario, the preferred agent for the 57-year-old man with a seizure disorder who takes anti-epileptic medications and needs a drug metabolized only by the CYP1A2 receptor is Felbamate (Option C). Felbamate is the preferred choice because it is primarily metabolized by the CYP1A2 enzyme, ensuring minimal drug interactions and optimal therapeutic effect in this patient population. Carbamazepine (Option A) is metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 enzymes, not CYP1A2. Divalproex (Option B) is metabolized by various enzymes including CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, not CYP1A2. Phenobarbital (Option D) is mainly metabolized by CYP2C19 and CYP2C9, not CYP1A2. Educationally, understanding the metabolic pathways of drugs is crucial for healthcare professionals to make informed decisions about drug selection, dosing, and potential drug interactions in patients. This knowledge helps in providing safe and effective care to patients with complex medical conditions like seizure disorders. It also highlights the importance of individualized treatment plans based on the patient's unique characteristics to optimize therapeutic outcomes and minimize adverse effects.
Question 2 of 5
A 72-year-old man is brought to his physician by his son. The son complains that this patient has been becoming forgetful, confused, moody, and aggressive over the past few months. One drug that may be used to treat this patient's symptoms is donepezil. Which of the following describes an effect of donepezil?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 3 of 5
A 21-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician complaining of “feeling sleepy all the time.†Physical exam is normal, but she has a history of hay fever since she was 14 years old. You discover that she is currently taking medicine for her allergy but cannot remember the name. She says it controls her hay fever symptoms well. You suspect that her medication is causing her to feel sleepy. Which of the following would be most likely to cause drowsiness?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 4 of 5
A physician has a choice in benzodiazepines to prescribe for patients. A particular patient (a 53-year-old man with anxiety) has a difficult time with compliance to medications. The physician is concerned about the patient going into withdrawal because of abrupt discontinuation of the antianxiety medication. Which of the following medications would have the least severe withdrawal reaction?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Diazepam. Diazepam has a long half-life and is metabolized into active metabolites, which results in a more gradual decrease in blood levels when the medication is discontinued. This gradual tapering effect reduces the risk of severe withdrawal symptoms commonly associated with benzodiazepines. Flurazepam (B), Temazepam (C), and Triazolam (D) have shorter half-lives compared to Diazepam. Abrupt discontinuation of short-acting benzodiazepines like Flurazepam, Temazepam, and Triazolam can lead to more severe withdrawal symptoms due to their rapid elimination from the body, resulting in a sudden drop in blood levels. Educationally, understanding the pharmacokinetics of benzodiazepines is crucial for healthcare providers to make informed decisions when prescribing these medications, especially for patients with compliance issues. Knowing which benzodiazepines have a longer half-life and are less likely to cause severe withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation can help prevent adverse outcomes for patients. This knowledge is essential for nurses, pharmacists, and physicians when managing patients on benzodiazepine therapy.
Question 5 of 5
A 33-year-old woman who takes diazepam for anxiety disorder is currently enrolled in an online master's degree program in accounting. She states that she has attended all classes and studied for a final examination. She has never had this type of problem before. However, when she took the examination, she remembered nothing that she studied. What is the most likely explanation for this finding?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.