ATI RN
ATI Proctored Pharmacology 2024 Questions
Question 1 of 9
A 56-year-old alcoholic man consumes a six-pack of beer before going to bed. After being absorbed from his gut, blood carries the alcohol through the portal vein into the liver where it can be metabolized. Ethanol is metabolized in multiple steps by various enzymes, including alcohol dehydrogenase. Which of the following describes a characteristic of this enzyme?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) metabolizes ethanol to acetaldehyde and is inhibited by fomepizole , used in poisonings. It doesn't act on acetaldehyde or acetate . Disulfiram blocks aldehyde dehydrogenase. ADH's role initiates ethanol breakdown.
Question 2 of 9
Which symptoms experienced over 1 month would be most helpful to diagnose bipolar disorder?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bipolar disorder's mania includes increased goal-directed activity, talkativeness, and distractibility-per DSM-5-over a month with depression cycles. Sleep/death/hallucinations lean psychotic. Delusions/fatigue suggest schizophrenia or depression. Eating/despair/ideas mix symptoms. Manic traits diagnose, per criteria.
Question 3 of 9
An adolescent patient comes to the school nurse with complaints of vague abdominal pain. What assessment data would help to confirm the nurse's suspicion that the adolescent has body image concerns?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Body image concerns in adolescents often tie to eating-defensiveness about food scrutiny suggests disordered eating (e.g., anorexia), linking pain to image stress. Sexual activity, irregular periods, or parent conflicts point elsewhere-STI, hormonal issues, or family tension. Food focus signals image worry, per developmental psychology.
Question 4 of 9
A 56-year-old alcoholic man consumes a six-pack of beer before going to bed. After being absorbed from his gut, blood carries the alcohol through the portal vein into the liver where it can be metabolized. Ethanol is metabolized in multiple steps by various enzymes, including alcohol dehydrogenase. Which of the following describes a characteristic of this enzyme?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) metabolizes ethanol to acetaldehyde and is inhibited by fomepizole , used in poisonings. It doesn't act on acetaldehyde or acetate . Disulfiram blocks aldehyde dehydrogenase. ADH's role initiates ethanol breakdown.
Question 5 of 9
A 63-year-old woman with congestive heart failure begins to have lower extremity swelling. She starts taking a diuretic and the swelling improves significantly. Over the next few days, however, she develops ringing in her ears. Which of the following diuretics is she taking?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diuretics treat CHF edema, but tinnitus suggests a side effect. Furosemide , a loop diuretic, causes ototoxicity (ringing in ears) at high doses. Acetazolamide , a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, doesn't typically cause this. Hydrochlorothiazide , a thiazide, rarely affects hearing. Mannitol , an osmotic diuretic, and Spironolactone (E), an aldosterone antagonist, lack ototoxicity. Furosemide's rapid action on edema fits CHF, but its cochlear toxicity explains the symptom, common in loop diuretics.
Question 6 of 9
Potential causes for respiratory alkalosis include
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Respiratory alkalosis results from excessive CO2 loss, raising pH. Hyperventilation causes this, common in anxiety or hypoxia. Hypotension and hypertension affect circulation, not breathing rate. Hypoventilation causes acidosis. D aligns with acid-base physiology, making it correct.
Question 7 of 9
A patient has been diagnosed with tuberculosis and is to begin antitubercular therapy with isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol. Which actions are appropriate for the nurse to do? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ethambutol can cause optic neuritis, so periodic eye examinations are essential. Taking medications with meals can help reduce gastrointestinal side effects. Antacids should be avoided as they can interfere with drug absorption. Numbness and tingling of the hands or feet may indicate peripheral neuropathy, a side effect of isoniazid, and should be reported promptly.
Question 8 of 9
What decreases the renin angiotensin aldosterone system?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists work by blocking the action of angiotensin 2 on its receptors, therefore inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). By inhibiting this system, angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists help to decrease blood pressure and reduce the workload on the heart. This is in contrast to ACE inhibitors, which also affect the RAAS but work by preventing the formation of angiotensin 2 in the first place. Beta blockers, such as propranolol, work by blocking the effects of adrenaline (epinephrine) on beta receptors, mainly in the heart. While they are commonly used to manage high blood pressure and reduce the heart rate, they do not directly decrease the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system like angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists.
Question 9 of 9
Which statement about ARBs does the nurse identify as being true?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: One of the key differences between Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors is their impact on potassium levels. While both medications can cause hyperkalemia (high potassium levels), it is generally considered more likely to occur with ARBs compared to ACE inhibitors. This is because ACE inhibitors inhibit the breakdown of bradykinin, which in turn can enhance potassium retention, increasing the risk of hyperkalemia. Therefore, the nurse would correctly identify this statement about ARBs as being true.