ATI RN
ATI Proctored Pharmacology 2024 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 56-year-old alcoholic man consumes a six-pack of beer before going to bed. After being absorbed from his gut, blood carries the alcohol through the portal vein into the liver where it can be metabolized. Ethanol is metabolized in multiple steps by various enzymes, including alcohol dehydrogenase. Which of the following describes a characteristic of this enzyme?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) metabolizes ethanol to acetaldehyde and is inhibited by fomepizole , used in poisonings. It doesn't act on acetaldehyde or acetate . Disulfiram blocks aldehyde dehydrogenase. ADH's role initiates ethanol breakdown.
Question 2 of 5
A client is to receive enteral nutrition. Which information should the nurse provide to the client and family?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Enteral nutrition involves delivering nutrients directly into the gastrointestinal tract, typically via a tube, and can be administered intermittently (e.g., bolus feedings) or continuously (e.g., via a pump), offering flexibility based on the client's needs and tolerance. This method contrasts with parenteral nutrition, which uses veins, making the venous administration statement inaccurate for enteral feeding. The purpose of enteral nutrition often includes supporting clients who cannot swallow adequately-due to conditions like dysphagia-ensuring they receive sufficient calories and nutrients to prevent malnutrition. However, enteral feedings are typically formula-based, not thinned pureed food, as specialized formulas provide balanced nutrition tailored to medical needs, unlike pureed diets which are less common in tube feeding. The intermittent or continuous delivery option is key education, as it addresses how the therapy adapts to lifestyle and clinical status, providing practical understanding for the client and family while clarifying enteral nutrition's gastrointestinal focus over intravenous methods.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is giving medicinal instructions to a female client receiving leflunomide (Arava). Which of the following is an appropriate instruction with the use of the medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Leflunomide is teratogenic and can cause severe birth defects. Women of childbearing age must use effective contraception during treatment and for a period after discontinuation. Breastfeeding is contraindicated due to the risk of harm to the infant. Cholestyramine is used to accelerate the elimination of leflunomide in case of toxicity, not to lessen side effects. Improvement in symptoms typically takes weeks, not days.
Question 4 of 5
A patient is taking digoxin (Lanoxin) and a loop diuretic daily. When the nurse enters the room with the morning medications, the patient states, I am seeing a funny yellow color around the lights. What is the nurse™s next action?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient's statement about seeing a funny yellow color around the lights is indicative of potential digoxin toxicity, as digoxin can cause visual disturbances, such as changes in color vision. The nurse should assess the patient for other symptoms of digoxin toxicity, which may include nausea, vomiting, confusion, and changes in heart rate. It is important to evaluate the patient's condition further to determine the appropriate course of action, including the need for further evaluation and potentially withholding the next dose of digoxin.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is most effective as a topical agent for a candida infection of the skin?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cutaneous candidiasis needs topical antifungals. Griseofulvin treats dermatophytes orally, not candida topically. Beclometasone, a steroid, worsens fungal growth. Aciclovir targets herpes, not fungi. Amphotericin is IV for systemic use. Nystatin binds ergosterol in candida membranes, most effective topically for skin infections, widely used for its specificity and safety.