A 55 years of old male presented with swelling over mid shaft of penis with occasional hematuria. On evaluation urothelial carcinoma of urethra with involvement of corpus cavernosum was found. No any lymph node involvement. The best first line treatment option for him is

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Urethral urothelial carcinoma with cavernosal invasion (T3) but no nodes favors chemoradiotherapy ± surgery organ-sparing, controls local disease. Cystectomy is bladder-focused mismatch. Systemic therapy suits metastasis none here. Partial urethrectomy/penectomy lacks depth control insufficient. Chemoradiotherapy's balance distinguishes it, key to T3 urethral cancer, unlike bladder, metastatic, or limited approaches.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Malignant pheochromocytoma favors bone metastasis osteolytic spread (e.g., spine) is commonest. Liver and lungs occur less frequent. Lymph nodes spread but trail bone regional first. Bone's predominance distinguishes it, key to its metastatic pattern, unlike visceral or nodal sites.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Absent cremasteric reflex is most reliable for testicular torsion lost ipsilateral reflex (stroke scrotum, no testis rise) signals torsion's nerve disruption. Prehn's (pain relief lifting) is inconsistent variable. Transverse lie suggests torsion less specific. Swelling/oedema/tenderness are late non-diagnostic alone. Reflex absence distinguishes it, critical for acute diagnosis, unlike pain, position, or swelling signs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Transition zone volume isn't a standard non-invasive ultrasound test for BOO requires MRI/TURP, invasive. Intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP), bladder wall thickness (hypertrophy), and bladder weight (mass) assess obstruction non-invasively correlate with pressure/flow. TZ volume's invasiveness distinguishes it, key to practical diagnostics, unlike ultrasound-based metrics.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells secrete renin to regulate blood pressure, not the macula densa (senses NaCl), JG apparatus (collective structure), or cortical nephron (unit). This pinpoints renin's source, key for RAAS, contrasting with broader terms.