ATI RN
Genitourinary System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 55-year-old woman presents to the clinic with a complaint of severe hot flashes and irregular periods. The nurse suspects perimenopause. Which of the following is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decreased estrogen levels. In perimenopause, the ovaries gradually produce less estrogen, leading to symptoms like hot flashes and irregular periods. Estrogen decline is the primary cause, as evidenced by the characteristic symptoms. Hormonal fluctuations (B) are a result of estrogen decline. Ovarian cysts (C) and increased progesterone levels (D) are less likely causes of perimenopausal symptoms.
Question 2 of 5
Filtration of blood occurs in the renal corpuscles. Which of the following is not part of the renal corpuscles?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vasa Recta. The Vasa Recta is a network of blood vessels that surrounds the loop of Henle in the kidney medulla, but it is not part of the renal corpuscles. The renal corpuscles consist of the Bowman's capsule, the glomerulus, and the glomerular basement membrane. Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus, and the glomerular basement membrane lies between the Bowman's capsule and the glomerulus, allowing for filtration of blood. Therefore, the Vasa Recta is not part of the renal corpuscles.
Question 3 of 5
A 60-year-old male has come to the clinic for a follow-up visit. Six months ago, he was started on a new medication. The class of medication is most likely to cause impotence as a side effect; therefore, medication classes explored by the nurse are:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Antihypertensives. Antihypertensive medications are known to commonly cause impotence as a side effect due to their impact on blood flow and circulation. This can affect erectile function in males. Antipyretics (A) are used to reduce fever, bronchodilators (B) are used to treat respiratory conditions, and corticosteroids (C) are anti-inflammatory medications. These classes of medications are not typically associated with impotence as a side effect.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following antibiotics requires close monitoring and dosing adjustment in a patient with liver disease?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vancomycin. Vancomycin requires close monitoring and dosing adjustment in patients with liver disease because it is primarily eliminated by the kidneys, but can also be partially metabolized by the liver. In liver disease, the liver's ability to metabolize drugs may be impaired, leading to potential toxic levels of vancomycin in the body. Erythromycin (A) can also be affected by liver disease, but it mainly requires dose adjustment in severe liver impairment. Gentamycin (B) is primarily eliminated through the kidneys and does not require dose adjustment in liver disease. Penicillin G (D) is mainly excreted through the kidneys and does not require dose adjustment in liver disease.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following drugs act by inhibiting folate synthesis in bacteria and it is advisable to drink 8 ounces of water during this drug’s use because it may cause crystalluria and subsequent kidney stone formation.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sulfonamides. Sulfonamides inhibit folate synthesis in bacteria by acting as competitive inhibitors of dihydropteroate synthetase. This leads to disruption of nucleic acid and protein synthesis in bacteria. Drinking 8 ounces of water during sulfonamide use helps prevent crystalluria and subsequent kidney stone formation by ensuring adequate hydration to flush out the drug and its metabolites. Vancomycin (A) acts by inhibiting cell wall synthesis, Linezolid (B) inhibits protein synthesis, and Penicillin (D) inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis through interference with transpeptidation reactions.