A 55-year-old patient with leukemia is being seen in the clinic for complaints of burning pain in the back. The patient has been diagnosed with shingles. The nurse would expect which medication classification to be ordered to reduce pain and halt the progression of the disease?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Antiviral. Shingles is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus. Antiviral medications such as acyclovir or valacyclovir are used to treat shingles by reducing pain and halting the progression of the disease. These medications work by inhibiting viral replication. Anti-inflammatory drugs (choice A) may help with pain relief but do not directly target the virus. Antibiotics (choice C) are ineffective against viruses like varicella-zoster. Antifungal medications (choice D) are used to treat fungal infections, not viral infections like shingles.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Assess the person's breathing. After extinguishing the flames, assessing the person's breathing is crucial as smoke inhalation can cause respiratory issues. It is important to ensure airway patency and adequate oxygenation. Giving sips of water (A) may not be appropriate immediately as the person may have oral burns. Covering with a warm blanket (C) could retain heat and worsen burns. Calculating the extent of burns (D) is important but assessing breathing takes precedence for immediate life-saving measures.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Log-roll the victim in the grass. This method is effective as it deprives the flames of oxygen and helps smother the fire. By rolling the victim in the grass, the flames are extinguished without the need for additional equipment or resources. Slapping at the flames (choice A) can actually worsen the situation by spreading the fire. Pouring cold liquid over the flames (choice C) can cause the flames to spread or the liquid to evaporate quickly. Removing the victim's burning clothes (choice D) can be dangerous as it can further expose the victim to the flames.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Epidermis. The integumentary system consists of the skin and its appendages, including the epidermis, which is the outermost layer of the skin. It serves as a protective barrier against external factors. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Myocardium is part of the cardiovascular system, not the integumentary system. C: Lymphatic glands are part of the lymphatic system, responsible for immune function, not the integumentary system. D: Cartilage is a type of connective tissue found in joints and other structures, but it is not a part of the integumentary system.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Microtubules. Microtubules are a component of the cytoskeleton in human cells, providing structural support, aiding in cell division, and serving as tracks for intracellular transport. They are composed of tubulin protein subunits. A: Golgi complex is responsible for processing and packaging proteins for secretion, not part of the cytoskeleton. B: Cell wall is a rigid structure found in plant cells, not present in human cells. C: Flagella are motile structures used for cell movement, not part of the cytoskeleton. In summary, microtubules are the correct answer as they are a key component of the cytoskeleton, while the other choices are not part of the cytoskeleton in human cells.