A 55-year-old male with a history of hyperlipidemia is prescribed rosuvastatin. Rosuvastatin works by:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase in the liver. Rosuvastatin is a statin medication that works by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which is responsible for the production of cholesterol in the liver. By inhibiting this enzyme, rosuvastatin helps lower the levels of LDL cholesterol in the blood. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because rosuvastatin does not act by inhibiting cholesterol reabsorption in the intestines, increasing HDL cholesterol levels, or increasing the excretion of cholesterol in the bile.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Constipation. Opioids commonly cause constipation due to their effect on the gastrointestinal tract, slowing down gut motility. This is a well-documented adverse effect of opioid medications. Hypotension (B), weight loss (C), and tachycardia (D) are not common adverse effects of opioids. Hypotension is more associated with vasodilator medications, weight loss is not typically seen with opioids, and tachycardia is more likely to be caused by stimulant medications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inhibiting COX-2 enzymes selectively. Celecoxib is a selective COX-2 inhibitor, which means it specifically targets the cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme responsible for inflammation and pain without affecting COX-1 enzymes that protect the stomach lining. This selective inhibition reduces inflammation and pain while minimizing the risk of gastrointestinal side effects associated with non-selective NSAIDs. Choice B is incorrect because celecoxib does not inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. Choice C is incorrect because celecoxib does not increase prostaglandin synthesis; it actually reduces it by inhibiting COX-2. Choice D is incorrect because celecoxib does not block sodium channels in peripheral nerves; its mechanism of action is through selective COX-2 inhibition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Methadone. Methadone is a long-acting opioid agonist that helps reduce withdrawal symptoms and cravings in individuals with opioid addiction. It has been widely used for decades in medication-assisted treatment programs. Naltrexone (B) is an opioid antagonist that is used for relapse prevention, not as a first-line treatment. Naloxone (C) is an opioid antagonist used for emergency overdose reversal. Suboxone (D) is a combination of buprenorphine (a partial opioid agonist) and naloxone, commonly used for opioid addiction treatment, but methadone is more commonly used.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the body's inability to produce insulin. 2. Insulin is the primary treatment for type 1 diabetes as it replaces the missing hormone. 3. Metformin (choice A) is typically used for type 2 diabetes. 4. Sulfonylureas (choice C) and Glinides (choice D) stimulate insulin production, not suitable for type 1 diabetes.