ATI RN
ABVD chemotherapy drugs Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 54-year-old woman with a history of left-sided breast cancer has been in remission for 5 years following paclitaxel therapy coupled with surgical resection. She has now noticed a new lump in her left breast close to where the original tumor was excised. A biopsy reveals recurring cancer. After talking with her physician, she decided to undergo more chemotherapy. Her physician prescribes a drug, which inhibits DNA topoisomerase. Which chemotherapy agent inhibits topoisomerase?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Irinotecan inhibits topoisomerase I, an enzyme that relieves torsional strain in DNA during replication, leading to DNA breaks and cell death, making it suitable for recurrent breast cancer.
Question 2 of 5
A 5-year-old boy is going to undergo tonsillectomy. The procedure will be performed under inhalational anesthesia initially. The boy is very afraid of going to sleep. Which of the following agents would most likely agitate him the most in terms of getting him to sleep for the procedure less quickly and create the most amount of agitation during anesthetic induction?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Desflurane has a pungent odor and high airway irritability, which can cause agitation, coughing, and resistance during induction, especially in children, delaying sleep onset.
Question 3 of 5
A 57-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with crushing chest pain. She reports having a similar episode 2 weeks ago while shoveling snow, but the pain was much less and it went away as soon as she stopped shoveling. An ECG reveals ST segment elevation, and the doctor administers a fibrinolytic drug. Her symptoms resolve, but later she begins to vomit up blood. Which would be an appropriate medication to give now?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aminocaproic acid is an antifibrinolytic that inhibits plasmin, counteracting the bleeding (e.g., hematemesis) caused by excessive fibrinolysis from the fibrinolytic drug.
Question 4 of 5
A 32-year-old woman found out 1 month ago that she has HIV disease. She began a HAART regimen after learning her HIV status. Now she presents with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Serum amylase is elevated. If her condition is related to her medications, which drug is most likely the cause of her symptoms?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ritonavir, a protease inhibitor in HAART, is commonly associated with gastrointestinal side effects and pancreatitis (elevated amylase), due to its metabolic effects.
Question 5 of 5
A 22-year-old sexually active male presents to his primary care physician with painful urination and urethral discharge. Gram stain of discharge fluid shows gram-negative diplococci. He is given ceftriaxone for gonococcal infection. What additional medication, if any, should he be given?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Doxycycline is added to ceftriaxone to treat possible co-infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, which often accompanies gonorrhea and requires a different antibiotic class.