ATI RN
Cardiovascular Drug Interactions PDF Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 54-year-old man with hypertension presents to his primary care physician for follow-up. His blood pressure is consistently greater than 140/90 mm Hg. The physician urges that the patient begin pharmacotherapy. The patient refuses this suggestion and wants to try lifestyle modifications. Which of the following changes will have the lowest likelihood of blood pressure reduction?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this case, option C, "Reduction of dietary salt to 10 g/d," is the change with the lowest likelihood of blood pressure reduction. Excessive dietary salt intake is a significant contributor to hypertension. By reducing salt intake, the patient can help lower their blood pressure. Option A, limiting alcohol intake, can also positively impact blood pressure as excessive alcohol consumption can raise blood pressure. Option B, a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low in fat, and option D, regular aerobic activity, are both known to help lower blood pressure through various mechanisms such as weight management, improving cardiovascular health, and enhancing overall well-being. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of lifestyle modifications in managing hypertension. It emphasizes the role of dietary choices in controlling blood pressure and the impact of salt intake on hypertension. It also underscores the significance of patient compliance and individualized treatment approaches in managing chronic conditions like hypertension. Students learn the value of evidence-based lifestyle interventions in hypertension management through this scenario.
Question 2 of 5
The pacemaker of the heart is the:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is C) SA node. The SA (sinoatrial) node is known as the natural pacemaker of the heart because it initiates the electrical impulses that regulate the heartbeat. It is located in the right atrium of the heart and generates the electrical impulses that set the pace for the heartbeat. Option A) Coronary artery is incorrect because the coronary artery is responsible for supplying blood to the heart muscle, not for regulating the heartbeat. Option B) Right ventricle is incorrect because the ventricles are responsible for pumping blood out of the heart, not for initiating the heartbeat. Option D) AV (atrioventricular) node is incorrect because while it helps in the conduction of electrical impulses between the atria and ventricles, it is not the primary pacemaker of the heart. Understanding the role of the SA node is crucial in cardiovascular physiology and pharmacology as it influences heart rate and rhythm. By knowing the function of the SA node, healthcare professionals can better understand how certain drugs may affect heart rate and potentially lead to drug interactions. This knowledge is essential for safe and effective patient care, especially when managing cardiovascular conditions.
Question 3 of 5
A nursing instructor is teaching about the medications used to treat panic disorder. Which student statement indicates that learning has occurred?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because Clonazepam (Klonopin) is a benzodiazepine commonly used to treat panic disorder due to its fast onset of action and effectiveness in reducing anxiety symptoms. It is a first-line treatment for panic disorder. Option B is incorrect as Clozapine is an antipsychotic used for schizophrenia and not recommended for panic disorder. Option C is incorrect since Doxepin is a tricyclic antidepressant primarily used for depression and not a first-line treatment for panic disorder. Option D is incorrect as Buspirone is a medication used for generalized anxiety disorder and not typically used for immediate relief during panic attacks.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following client symptoms would most likely decrease because of the therapeutic effect of this medication?(Select the one tha does not apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Social isolation. The therapeutic effect of medication often helps improve symptoms directly related to the mental illness being treated. In this case, social isolation is a consequence of the underlying mental health condition and would likely improve as the symptoms such as somatic delusions, gustatory hallucinations, and flat affect decrease. Social isolation is not a symptom that directly improves due to the medication's therapeutic effect, as it may require additional interventions or support systems.
Question 5 of 5
A depressed patient is being seen in the clinic and started a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) last week. She tells the nurse that she has some pills that she previously took for depression and that they are called MAOIs. She tells the nurse she thinks she should start taking them right now instead of her current medication, which isn’t seeming to help her. The most important information the nurse should convey is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because starting MAOIs while already taking an SSRI can lead to a life-threatening condition called serotonin syndrome due to the interaction between the two medications. This can cause symptoms like confusion, high fever, seizures, and even death. The nurse should emphasize the risk of a serious reaction to prevent the patient from harm. Option A is not as critical as the risk of serotonin syndrome. Option B is incorrect because it does not address the dangerous interaction between MAOIs and SSRIs. Option C, while important, is not as urgent as the risk of a serious reaction.