ATI RN
Vital Signs Assessment ATI Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 52-year-old woman has a papule on her nose that has rounded, pearly borders and a central red ulcer. She said she first noticed it several months ago and that it has slowly grown larger. The nurse suspects which condition?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Basal cell carcinoma. This type of skin cancer commonly presents as a pearly papule with rolled borders and a central ulcer. The slow growth over months is also characteristic of basal cell carcinoma. Acne (choice A) typically presents with comedones and inflammatory papules, not with the described characteristics. Melanoma (choice C) usually presents as an asymmetric, irregularly bordered lesion with variable colors. Squamous cell carcinoma (choice D) often appears as a scaly or crusted plaque, not a pearly papule with central ulcer.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is assessing an 80-year-old patient. Which of these findings would be expected for this patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, decreased ability to identify odors, for an 80-year-old patient due to age-related changes. As people age, the sense of smell tends to decline, affecting the ability to identify odors accurately. This is a common phenomenon in older adults due to changes in olfactory receptors and decreased sensitivity. Hypertrophy of the gums (A) is not typically associated with aging. Increased production of saliva (B) is not a common age-related change. Finer and less prominent nasal hair (D) is more likely to occur in younger individuals due to hormonal changes rather than in older adults.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is assessing a patient with a history of intravenous drug abuse. In assessing his mouth, the nurse notices a dark red confluent macule on the hard palate. This could be an early sign of:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The dark red confluent macule on the hard palate is known as Kaposi sarcoma, a common manifestation of AIDS. This lesion can be the first visible sign of AIDS in patients with a history of intravenous drug abuse. It is important for the nurse to recognize this early sign to facilitate prompt diagnosis and treatment. Measles (choice B) typically presents with a widespread rash, not a localized lesion on the hard palate. Leukemia (choice C) may present with oral manifestations, but a dark red macule on the hard palate is not a typical finding. Carcinoma (choice D) refers to cancer, which may present differently in the oral cavity compared to Kaposi sarcoma.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is reviewing the technique of palpating for tactile fremitus with a new graduate. Which statement by the graduate nurse reflects a correct understanding of tactile fremitus? 'Tactile fremitus:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct understanding of tactile fremitus is that it is caused by sounds generated from the larynx and transmitted through the bronchopulmonary system to the chest wall. This vibration is felt by the hand during palpation. Moisture in the alveoli (choice A) does not cause tactile fremitus. Air in the subcutaneous tissues (choice B) does not relate to tactile fremitus. Blood flow through the pulmonary arteries (choice D) is not associated with tactile fremitus. The correct answer, choice C, is supported by the fact that tactile fremitus is a physical sensation felt by the hands due to the transmission of sound through the chest wall.
Question 5 of 5
A 35-year-old recent immigrant is being seen in the clinic for complaints of a cough that is associated with rust-colored sputum, low-grade afternoon fevers, and night sweats for the past 2 months. The nurse's preliminary analysis, based on this history, is that this patient may be suffering from:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tuberculosis. The key clues in the patient's history are rust-colored sputum, low-grade fevers, and night sweats, which are classic symptoms of tuberculosis. Rust-colored sputum is indicative of blood in the sputum, a common finding in pulmonary tuberculosis. Low-grade fevers and night sweats are also typical symptoms of tuberculosis due to the body's immune response to the infection. Bronchitis (A) typically presents with cough and mucus production without the specific symptoms described. Pneumonia (B) can present with productive cough and fever, but rust-colored sputum and night sweats are less common. Pulmonary edema (D) usually presents with symptoms like shortness of breath and pink frothy sputum, not rust-colored sputum and night sweats.