ATI RN
Genitourinary Review of Systems Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 52-year-old patient states that when she sneezes or coughs she wets herself a little. She is very concerned that something may be wrong with her. The nurse suspects that the problem is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stress incontinence. This is the most likely issue because the patient leaks urine during activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure, such as sneezing or coughing. Stress incontinence is due to weakened pelvic floor muscles and sphincter, leading to leakage with exertion. Dysuria (choice A) is painful urination, not related to leakage. Hematuria (choice C) is blood in urine, not related to leakage. Urge incontinence (choice D) involves a sudden, strong urge to urinate and is not triggered by sneezing or coughing.
Question 2 of 5
When assessing a newborn infant's genitalia, the nurse notices that the genitalia are somewhat engorged. The labia majora are swollen, the clitoris looks large, and the hymen is thick. The vaginal opening is difficult to visualize. The infant's mother states that she is worried about the labia being swollen. The nurse should reply:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Neonatal genital engorgement is a common finding due to maternal hormones. Step 2: Maternal hormones can cause swelling of the labia majora, clitoris, and thickening of the hymen. Step 3: This physiological phenomenon typically resolves within a few weeks post-birth. Step 4: The nurse should reassure the mother that this is a normal finding in newborns. Summary: Choice A is correct because it aligns with the normal physiological process, while the other options suggest unnecessary interventions or monitoring that are not indicated in this situation.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is examining a 40-year-old woman for signs of ovarian cancer. She has a family history of ovarian cancer. Which statement does the nurse know to be true regarding ovarian cancer?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ovarian cancer often does not show symptoms until late stages. This is true because ovarian cancer is often asymptomatic in the early stages, making it difficult to detect. By the time symptoms appear, the cancer is usually at an advanced stage. Choice B is incorrect because the Pap smear test is used to detect cervical cancer, not ovarian cancer. Choice C is incorrect because while some high-risk women may benefit from periodic ultrasound screenings, it is not recommended for all women at high risk. Choice D is incorrect because there is no specific annual screening recommendation for ovarian cancer in women over the age of 50.
Question 4 of 5
A 50-year-old woman reports that she has been experiencing hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness. The nurse suspects that she is in the peri-menopausal stage. What is the primary reason for these symptoms?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: I must clarify that the correct answer should be A: Decreased estrogen levels. In the peri-menopausal stage, a woman's ovaries produce less estrogen, leading to symptoms like hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness. Option B is incorrect because increased estrogen levels are not typical during peri-menopause. Option C is vague and does not specifically address the primary reason for the symptoms. Option D, psychological stress, may exacerbate symptoms but is not the primary cause in this scenario.
Question 5 of 5
A 40-year-old woman is experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding and frequent urination. The nurse suspects fibroids. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find during the pelvic examination?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: A large, irregular, and tender uterus. Fibroids are non-cancerous growths that can cause heavy menstrual bleeding and frequent urination. During the pelvic examination, the nurse would expect to find a large uterus due to the presence of fibroids. The irregular shape is indicative of the growths, and tenderness may be present due to inflammation or pressure on surrounding tissues. Choices A, C, and D do not align with the typical characteristics of fibroids, making them incorrect. A smooth, enlarged uterus (A) is not characteristic of fibroids. A firm, mobile, and non-tender uterus (C) is more indicative of a normal uterus. A hard, irregular, fixed uterus (D) may suggest a different pathology, such as endometriosis.