ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 52-year-old patient has just passed a kidney stone and has high levels of calcium in her urine. Blood tests show high levels of calcium in her blood as well. What subsequent lab results would be most likely to distinguish between primary hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia of malignancy?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Parathyroid hormone level. In this scenario, distinguishing between primary hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia of malignancy is crucial. Primary hyperparathyroidism is characterized by high calcium levels due to overproduction of parathyroid hormone, while hypercalcemia of malignancy is caused by the release of parathyroid hormone-related protein by cancer cells. Measuring the parathyroid hormone level will help differentiate between the two conditions. Bone scan (B) is not specific for these conditions. Plasma phosphate levels (C) may be elevated in primary hyperparathyroidism but are not as specific as parathyroid hormone levels. Serum magnesium level (D) is not directly related to distinguishing between the two conditions.
Question 2 of 5
A patient with hypokalemia is prescribed oral potassium supplements. What instruction should the nurse provide?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Take the medication with a full glass of water or food. This instruction is important because potassium supplements can irritate the stomach lining and cause gastrointestinal upset. Taking it with water or food helps to minimize these side effects. Option A is incorrect because potassium supplements should be taken with food to reduce gastric irritation. Option B is incorrect as crushing potassium tablets can lead to local irritation or damage to the esophagus. Option D is incorrect because diarrhea is a common side effect of potassium supplements and does not necessarily warrant discontinuation of the medication.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is establishing an ideal body weight for a 59 healthy female. Based on the rule-of-thumb method, what would be this patients ideal weight?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For a 5'9" female, the rule-of-thumb method (100 lb for 5 ft + 5 lb per inch over) gives 145 lb (100 + 9*5 = 145).
Question 4 of 5
Most nutritionists recommend increasing fiber in the diet. In addition to other benefits, how does fiber affect cholesterol?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fiber binds cholesterol in the gut, increasing its excretion and lowering blood cholesterol.
Question 5 of 5
At what period of life do nutrient needs stabilize?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nutrient needs stabilize in adulthood, unlike infancy, adolescence, or pregnancy, which have higher demands.