ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology Online Practice 2019 A Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 52-year-old overweight man steamroller operator comes to you complaining of itchy, watery eyes and runny nose in the springtime. He says that he has had this problem for as long as he can remember but does not like going to doctors. His wife finally convinced him to come today see what you might be able to do for him. You prescribe cetirizine. Which of the following describes cetirizine's mechanism of action?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cetirizine treats seasonal allergies (itchy eyes, runny nose) by inhibiting H1 receptors . This blocks histamine, relieving symptoms without sedation, ideal for his job. β2 inhibition or stimulation affects airways. α1 stimulation vasoconstricts. H1 inhibition (E) isn't stimulatory. Cetirizine's action ensures efficacy and safety.
Question 2 of 5
The physician orders penicillin for a female client who has a sinus infection. What is a priority question to ask the client prior to administering the medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Penicillin is a commonly used antibiotic for infections like sinusitis, but its safety profile must be assessed, especially in female clients of reproductive age. The priority question is whether the client is pregnant because penicillin is classified as a Category B drug by the FDA, meaning it's generally considered safe during pregnancy, but confirmation of pregnancy status is critical to ensure no unforeseen risks or contraindications exist, such as hypersensitivity. Pregnancy also affects drug metabolism and dosing considerations, making this the most immediate concern. Asking about plans to become pregnant is less urgent, as it pertains to future rather than current status. Breastfeeding is important due to potential drug excretion in milk, but it's secondary to confirming current pregnancy. Birth control pills might interact with some antibiotics (though less so with penicillin), but this is not the primary safety concern. Thus, choice A is the priority question to ensure safe administration.
Question 3 of 5
The client has MRSA and receives vancomycin (Vancocin) intravenously (IV). The nurse assesses an upper body rash and decreased urine output. What is the nurse's priority action?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic, is critical for treating MRSA but carries risks of hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., rashes) and nephrotoxicity (e.g., reduced urine output). The nurse's priority when observing an upper body rash and decreased urine output is to hold the next dose and notify the physician . This action prevents further drug administration that could worsen a potential allergic reaction or kidney damage, both serious adverse effects requiring immediate medical evaluation. An X-ray might assess lung involvement in severe cases but isn't the first step for these symptoms. An antihistamine could treat mild itching but risks masking a systemic reaction, delaying critical care. A urine specimen might confirm renal issues but doesn't address the urgency of stopping the drug. Holding the dose ensures patient safety while awaiting physician guidance, aligning with nursing protocols for adverse drug reactions, making A the most prudent and timely action.
Question 4 of 5
The patient has been prescribed oxymetazoline (Afrin). What medication information should the nurse provide?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 5 of 5
A client with anxiety is prescribed buspirone (Buspar). Which statement by the client indicates effective teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Buspirone, an anxiolytic, requires 2-4 weeks for effect and is dosed thrice daily , showing understanding. Immediate relief is false'it's not a benzo. Alcohol worsens anxiety. It's non-sedating . Thrice-daily dosing aligns with buspirone's steady-state need, key in anxiety where consistency matters, making B the correct statement.