ATI RN
ATI VATI Pharmacology Assessment Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 52-year-old overweight male steamroller operator presents to his primary care physician complaining of itchy, watery eyes and runny nose in the springtime. He says that he has had this problem for as long as he can remember but does not like going to doctors. His wife finally convinced him to come today to see what his physician might be able to do for him. What is the most appropriate treatment for this patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The patient's chronic springtime symptoms-itchy, watery eyes, and runny nose-point to seasonal allergic rhinitis, a histamine-driven condition. Albuterol is a bronchodilator for asthma, not allergies. Diphenhydramine is an H1 antihistamine, effective but sedating, which may not suit an active steamroller operator. Epinephrine is for acute anaphylaxis, not chronic allergies. Hydroxyzine is another sedating antihistamine, less ideal for daily use. Loratadine (E), a non-sedating H1 antihistamine, effectively blocks histamine receptors, relieving symptoms without drowsiness, making it the most appropriate choice. Given his occupation and chronicity, a non-sedating option is critical for safety and compliance. Loratadine's long-acting, once-daily dosing also fits his reluctance to seek medical care, offering convenience and efficacy. The rationale prioritizes a treatment balancing symptom relief with minimal impact on his daily function, ruling out sedating or irrelevant options.
Question 2 of 5
What is/are the action(s) of the drug metformin?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Metformin is a commonly prescribed medication for the management of type 2 diabetes. It functions through multiple actions:
Question 3 of 5
What makes cocaine unique among llocal anesthetics:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cocaine is unique among local anesthetics because it undergoes metabolism by plasma esterases, unlike other local anesthetics which are typically metabolized by the liver. This rapid metabolism by plasma esterases contributes to its short duration of action as a local anesthetic. This property of cocaine also contributes to its potential for systemic toxicity and drug interactions, making it important to consider when using cocaine in a clinical setting.
Question 4 of 5
A 22-year-old man college student does poorly on a course examination and decides to attempt suicide. He finds a bottle of barbiturates in his mother's medicine cabinet. He takes 2 of the 30 pills in the bottle. Which of the following effects is most likely to be exhibited by the patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Two barbiturate pills (low dose) likely cause sedation . Barbiturates depress CNS; small amounts induce sleepiness, not anesthesia , coma , or death . Hypnosis (E) overlaps but sedation fits best. This reflects a subtherapeutic overdose attempt.
Question 5 of 5
A pregnant woman is experiencing hypertension. The nurse knows that which drug is commonly used for a pregnant patient who is experiencing hypertension?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Methyldopa (Aldomet) is commonly used for managing hypertension in pregnant women. It is considered safe during pregnancy and is often the first-line treatment for hypertension in pregnancy. Methyldopa acts by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors in the central nervous system, leading to a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance, which helps to lower blood pressure. Other antihypertensive drugs, such as Enalapril and Hydrochlorothiazide, are not recommended during pregnancy as they can cause harm to the fetus. Mannitol is a diuretic used for managing cerebral edema and intraocular pressure but is not typically used for hypertension in pregnancy. Therefore, Methyldopa is the preferred choice for managing hypertension in pregnant patients.