A 50-year-old woman with a history of alcohol use presents with jaundice, abdominal pain, and ascites. Her serum bilirubin and liver enzymes are elevated. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most likely diagnosis is C: Cirrhosis. This is supported by the patient's history of alcohol use, jaundice, elevated bilirubin and liver enzymes, abdominal pain, and ascites. Cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease often caused by excessive alcohol consumption, leading to liver damage and dysfunction. The other choices are less likely as chronic pancreatitis typically presents with pancreatic enzyme abnormalities, hepatitis presents with viral infection symptoms, and cholecystitis presents with gallbladder inflammation symptoms.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal nerve). When the nurse asks the patient to stick out their tongue, they are testing the function of the hypoglossal nerve, which innervates the muscles responsible for tongue movement. Cranial nerve X (vagus nerve) is responsible for various functions such as swallowing and speech. Cranial nerve VII (facial nerve) controls facial expressions. Cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal nerve) is involved in taste sensation and swallowing. Therefore, the hypoglossal nerve is specifically responsible for tongue movement, making it the correct answer in this context.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cerebellar function and coordination. This task, known as the finger-to-nose test, assesses the coordination and accuracy of movements controlled by the cerebellum. When the patient is asked to touch their nose and then the nurse's finger, any inaccuracies or tremors in movement indicate cerebellar dysfunction. Choice B is incorrect as cranial nerve function is not specifically tested in this task. Choice C is incorrect as proprioception, the sense of body position and movement, is not the primary focus of this test. Choice D is incorrect as memory is not being directly assessed in this task.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Gastrointestinal obstruction. A distended abdomen with tympany on percussion is indicative of trapped air in the intestines, commonly seen in gastrointestinal obstruction. This occurs when there is a blockage in the intestines, causing gas to accumulate and result in the distension. Ascites (B) is the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, which would present with dullness on percussion, not tympany. Pancreatitis (C) and Hepatomegaly (D) typically do not present with tympany on percussion and are not likely to cause a distended abdomen with this specific finding.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: 37 degrees Celsius (oral), is correct as it equals 98.6°F, the standard adult oral temperature. Axillary ( 37°C) is higher than typical (~36.6°C). 36°C oral, is too low (96.8°F). 37.7°C oral (99.9°F), suggests fever. Oral readings, taken sublingually, are 0.5°C below rectal (37.5°C-38.1°C) and 0.5°C above axillary (36.5°C-37°C), balancing accuracy and convenience. This norm, established by Wunderlich in the 19th century, remains a clinical benchmark, varying slightly by time of day or individual. Nursing relies on 37°C oral for baseline health, making B the accurate choice per physiological standards.