A 50-year-old man presents with shortness of breath, a cough, and a history of smoking. He has a barrel-shaped chest and wheezing on auscultation. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The patient's age, smoking history, barrel-shaped chest, wheezing, and chronic symptoms are indicative of COPD. COPD is a chronic lung condition characterized by airflow obstruction and difficulty breathing. Pneumonia (A) typically presents with acute symptoms like fever and productive cough, not chronic symptoms. Asthma (C) usually presents with episodic symptoms and may have a different pattern of wheezing. Pulmonary embolism (D) presents with acute onset of shortness of breath and chest pain, not chronic symptoms like in this case.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cranial nerve III (oculomotor nerve). This nerve controls most eye movements, including tracking a moving target. Cranial nerve II (optic nerve) is responsible for vision, not eye movements. Cranial nerve IV (trochlear nerve) controls downward and inward eye movements, not tracking. Cranial nerve VI (abducens nerve) controls lateral eye movements, not tracking. Therefore, the oculomotor nerve is specifically being tested in this scenario.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Upper airway obstruction. A prolonged inspiratory phase suggests difficulty in inhaling, which is common in upper airway obstructions like a foreign body or swollen tissues. Asthma (A) typically presents with wheezing and expiratory phase prolongation. Pneumonia (B) is characterized by crackles and decreased breath sounds. Pulmonary edema (C) manifests as crackles and shortness of breath. Therefore, based on the prolonged inspiratory phase, the most likely condition is an upper airway obstruction.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Blue is for oral and red is for rectal, is correct based on common conventions in medical settings. Electronic thermometers often use color-coded probes to prevent cross-contamination: blue for oral use and red for rectal, reflecting their distinct anatomical applications. Blue and red are both for oral, ignores site-specific hygiene needs. Blue is for rectal and red is for oral, reverses the typical standard. Blue and red are both for rectal, disregards oral measurement needs. This color system aids quick identification, ensuring the oral probe isnt used rectally (risking infection) and vice versa. While manufacturer variations exist, C aligns with widespread nursing practice for clarity and safety, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A pulse deficit is the difference between the apical (heart) and radial (peripheral) pulse rates, indicating not all heartbeats reach the periphery, often due to weak contractions or arrhythmias. Here, an 8 beats/min difference fits this definition. Pulse amplitude describes the strength or volume of the pulse, not a rate difference. Ventricular rhythm refers to the hearts rhythm pattern, not a deficit. Heart arrhythmia is a broad term for irregular rhythms but doesnt specifically denote the apical-radial gap. Choice A is correct as it precisely describes the phenomenon observed, reflecting nursing terminology for documenting discrepancies in pulse assessment. This finding may prompt further cardiac evaluation, highlighting the importance of accurate documentation in patient care.