A 50-year-old male with diabetes is prescribed liraglutide. Liraglutide works by:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inhibiting glucagon release from the pancreas. Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, which stimulates insulin secretion and inhibits glucagon release from the pancreas. By inhibiting glucagon release, liraglutide helps lower blood sugar levels in diabetic patients. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because liraglutide does not directly increase insulin secretion, improve insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, or inhibit the absorption of glucose in the intestines.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium in the kidneys. Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that acts on the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron to inhibit the sodium-chloride symporter, leading to increased excretion of sodium and water. This mechanism results in decreased blood volume and subsequently lowers blood pressure, making it an effective treatment for hypertension. Option B is incorrect as hydrochlorothiazide does not block calcium channels. Option C is incorrect as hydrochlorothiazide actually increases the excretion of sodium and water, not potassium. Option D is incorrect as hydrochlorothiazide does not directly inhibit aldosterone secretion.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Blocking muscarinic receptors in the airways. Ipratropium is an anticholinergic medication that works by blocking muscarinic receptors in the airways, leading to bronchodilation. This blocks the action of acetylcholine, which normally causes bronchoconstriction in asthma. Option B, stimulating beta-2 adrenergic receptors, is incorrect because ipratropium does not directly target beta-2 receptors. Option C, inhibiting histamine release, is incorrect as ipratropium does not affect histamine release. Option D, increasing acetylcholine release, is incorrect as ipratropium actually blocks the action of acetylcholine.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Methimazole. Methimazole is an anti-thyroid medication that works by inhibiting the synthesis of thyroid hormones, making it a common treatment for hyperthyroidism. It blocks the enzyme responsible for thyroid hormone production. Levothyroxine (A) is used to treat hypothyroidism by providing thyroid hormone replacement. Amiodarone (C) is an anti-arrhythmic drug that can cause thyroid dysfunction but is not commonly used for hyperthyroidism treatment. Prednisone (D) is a corticosteroid and is not used to inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Omeprazole. Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that reduces stomach acid production, making it effective in treating acid reflux. It works by blocking the enzyme responsible for acid production in the stomach. Loratadine (B) is an antihistamine used for allergies, Diphenhydramine (C) is also an antihistamine used for allergies and sleep aid, and Ibuprofen (D) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for pain relief. These medications do not target stomach acid production and are not commonly prescribed for acid reflux.