ATI RN
Advanced Pharmacology Across the Lifespan Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 50-year-old female with osteoporosis is prescribed alendronate. Alendronate works by:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because alendronate is a bisphosphonate that inhibits bone resorption by osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are responsible for breaking down bone tissue, and alendronate helps to reduce bone loss by suppressing their activity. This leads to an increase in bone mineral density and strength. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because alendronate does not promote bone formation by osteoblasts, increase calcium absorption in the intestines, or inhibit the synthesis of collagen. The primary mechanism of action of alendronate is through the inhibition of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following medications is used as a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Metformin. Metformin is recommended as the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes because it effectively lowers blood sugar levels, has a good safety profile, and can reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. It works by decreasing glucose production in the liver and improving insulin sensitivity. Insulin (A) is typically used when other medications are not effective enough. Glipizide (C) and Pioglitazone (D) are alternative options but have more side effects and risks compared to metformin.
Question 3 of 5
Dose response data was collected during the preclinical testing of four drugs for the treatment of acute heart failure. Which drug studied was the most efficacious?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is Drug A because it showed the highest efficacy in the dose-response data collected during preclinical testing. Efficacy refers to the ability of a drug to produce a desired therapeutic effect. In this case, Drug A demonstrated the most significant positive response in treating acute heart failure compared to Drugs B, C, and D. The other choices are incorrect because they did not exhibit the same level of efficacy as Drug A based on the data collected. Drug B, C, and D may have shown some effectiveness, but Drug A outperformed them in terms of efficacy for the treatment of acute heart failure.
Question 4 of 5
A 24-year-old woman experienced severe motion sickness whenever she traveled by air or sea. Diphenhydramine taken before a trip was effective in minimizing her symptoms. The therapeutic effect of the drug was most likely due to blockade of which of the following pairs of central receptors?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D (Histaminergic and muscarinic). Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine that blocks histamine receptors in the central nervous system, alleviating symptoms of motion sickness. Histamine plays a key role in motion sickness. Additionally, the drug also blocks muscarinic receptors, which are involved in various physiological functions. Choices A and C involve receptors not directly related to motion sickness. Choice B involves GABA and serotonin, which are not the primary receptors targeted in motion sickness.
Question 5 of 5
A59-year-old man with a body mass index of 42 and a long history of poorly controlled hypertension was recently diagnosed with migraine headaches. Which of the following anti-migraine drugs would be contraindicated in this patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ergotamine. In this case, ergotamine is contraindicated due to the patient's poorly controlled hypertension. Ergotamine can cause vasoconstriction, potentially worsening hypertension and increasing the risk of cardiovascular events. Aspirin (A), acetaminophen (B), and ibuprofen (D) are safer options for migraine treatment in this patient as they do not have significant vasoconstrictive effects and are less likely to exacerbate hypertension.