A 5-year-old is prescribed a medication that is renally excreted. Which of the following considerations should be made when the nurse examines the dosage of the medication?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) The dosage should be at the recommended dose. When a medication is renally excreted, it means that the drug is primarily eliminated from the body through the kidneys. In pediatric patients, especially younger children like the 5-year-old in this case, their renal function is not fully matured compared to adults. This means that their ability to efficiently clear medications from their system is reduced. Therefore, when dosing medications that are renally excreted in pediatric patients, it is crucial to consider their renal function and adjust the dosage accordingly. Giving a dose lower than recommended (Option A) may result in subtherapeutic levels of the medication, leading to ineffective treatment. Conversely, administering a dose higher than recommended (Option C) can increase the risk of toxicity due to the reduced clearance of the drug in the child's developing kidneys. Option D, stating that the medication should not be administered, is not the correct choice in this situation. Instead, a careful assessment of the child's renal function, along with consideration of the medication's pharmacokinetics and dosing guidelines for pediatric patients, should guide the nurse in determining the appropriate dosage to ensure both safety and therapeutic effectiveness. This question highlights the importance of understanding pharmacokinetic principles and individualizing medication dosages based on patient factors, especially in vulnerable populations such as pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option A) Educate the public about violence and the potential for abuse. This is because primary prevention strategies aim to prevent child abuse before it occurs by raising awareness and educating the community about the signs, consequences, and ways to prevent abuse. By educating the public, the nurse can empower individuals to recognize and report suspected cases of abuse, ultimately creating a safer environment for children. Option B) Remove a child who has been abused from the home is not a primary prevention strategy but rather a response to an existing case of abuse, falling under secondary prevention. Option C) Report a case of child abuse is also a secondary prevention strategy aimed at intervening once abuse has occurred. Option D) Refer a parent who abused their child to counseling is a tertiary prevention strategy focused on interventions after abuse has taken place to prevent its recurrence. In an educational context, understanding the different levels of prevention strategies in child abuse is crucial for healthcare professionals to effectively address and combat this issue. By implementing primary prevention strategies like education and awareness, nurses can play a proactive role in preventing child abuse and promoting the well-being of children in the community.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is B) 4 years old. At around 4 years old, children typically start developing the ability to throw a ball overhand with some coordination and control. This milestone is a result of the maturation of their gross motor skills, including improved hand-eye coordination and muscle strength. Option A) 3 years old is incorrect because children at this age usually lack the necessary coordination and strength to perform an overhand throw effectively. Option C) 5 years old and Option D) 6 years old are also incorrect as children at these ages would typically have already mastered the skill of throwing a ball overhand. Understanding the typical developmental milestones of children's gross motor skills is essential for educators, especially school nurses, as it helps in assessing and supporting children's physical development. By knowing what skills are developmentally appropriate for certain ages, educators can provide appropriate guidance and interventions to support children's overall growth and well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding genetic disorders is crucial for healthcare professionals. The correct answer to the question is C) Turner syndrome. Turner syndrome is a genetic condition in females where one of the X chromosomes is missing or partially missing. This results in a variety of developmental issues, such as short stature, webbed neck, and infertility. Option A) Gynecomastia is the development of breast tissue in males due to hormonal imbalances, not related to the number of X chromosomes. Option B) Menstruation is a normal physiological process in females related to the reproductive system, not a genetic disorder. Option D) Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic disorder in males where there is at least one extra X chromosome (XXY). This is different from Turner syndrome, which involves a missing X chromosome in females. In an educational context, this question highlights the importance of understanding genetic disorders for pharmacological interventions and patient care. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of genetic disorders like Turner syndrome can lead to early detection and appropriate management strategies. Pharmacists and other healthcare providers need to be knowledgeable about these conditions to provide comprehensive care to patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is option A) Arrested for petty theft. This teenager is at risk for not meeting his developmental task because engaging in criminal behavior such as theft indicates potential challenges in moral development and decision-making. Adolescents who exhibit delinquent behaviors often struggle with meeting their developmental tasks, which include establishing a sense of identity, autonomy, and developing healthy social relationships. Option B) Deciding to major in accounting is a normal aspect of career exploration and does not inherently indicate a risk for not meeting developmental tasks. It reflects the teenager's academic and career aspirations. Option C) Experiencing a breakup is a common part of adolescence and while it may cause emotional distress, it does not necessarily mean the teenager is at risk for not meeting developmental tasks. It could be a temporary setback in forming and navigating relationships. Option D) Being a member of the varsity basketball team is a positive involvement in extracurricular activities which can contribute to the teenager's social development, physical health, and sense of belonging. It does not indicate a risk for not meeting developmental tasks. In an educational context, understanding the factors that can hinder or support adolescent development is crucial for educators, healthcare professionals, and caregivers. Identifying red flags like criminal behavior early on allows for timely intervention and support to help adolescents navigate challenges and successfully progress through their developmental tasks. It is important to provide a supportive environment where teenagers can seek guidance and resources to overcome obstacles and thrive during this critical period of growth and transition.