A 5-year-old is consuming a daily caloric intake of 1400 calories. Approximately what portion of the diet should be comprised of carbohydrates?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is option C) 900 calories. To determine the appropriate portion of the diet that should be comprised of carbohydrates for a 5-year-old consuming 1400 calories per day, we need to consider the recommended daily intake of carbohydrates for children. Carbohydrates should typically make up about 45-65% of a child's total daily caloric intake. In this case, 900 calories from carbohydrates would fall within this range. Carbohydrates are the body's primary source of energy, especially for growing children who have high energy needs. Option A) 300 calories is too low for a 1400 calorie diet and would not provide sufficient energy for a child's needs. Option B) 700 calories would also be inadequate as it falls below the recommended percentage for carbohydrate intake in a child's diet. Option D) 1200 calories is too high and exceeds the upper limit of the recommended range for carbohydrates in a child's diet. Understanding the appropriate distribution of macronutrients in a child's diet is essential for promoting their growth, development, and overall health. By ensuring they receive an adequate amount of carbohydrates, we support their energy levels and provide the necessary nutrients for their active lifestyle and proper growth.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option C: Call the Poison Control Center. When a child is suspected of ingesting a potentially harmful substance like Drano, it is crucial to contact the Poison Control Center immediately. The Poison Control Center has specialized resources and expertise to provide specific guidance tailored to the situation, such as administering first aid, determining the severity of the ingestion, and recommending appropriate medical interventions. Option A, calling the pediatrician on call, may cause a delay in accessing timely and specialized advice. Option B, giving ipecac syrup, is no longer recommended in cases of poisoning as it can lead to further complications. Option D, waiting to see if the child will vomit, is risky as the ingested substance may cause serious damage before symptoms appear. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of immediate action in cases of poisoning. It emphasizes the need for healthcare professionals and caregivers to be aware of the correct steps to take in emergencies involving potential toxic ingestions to ensure the best possible outcome for the child. Teaching about the role of the Poison Control Center in managing poisonings is essential for healthcare providers and caregivers to respond effectively in such critical situations.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology, understanding the rationale behind using the Draw-a-Person and Draw-a-Family tests with a preschool student is crucial for nurses. These tests are commonly used in child psychology and development to assess various aspects of a child's emotional and social development. The correct answer, D) Assess emotional development, is the most appropriate purpose for administering these tests. These drawing tasks allow the child to express their emotions, feelings, and perceptions through their drawings. By analyzing the content, themes, and details in the drawings, healthcare providers can gain insights into the child's emotional world, including their fears, anxieties, attachment patterns, and coping mechanisms. Option A) Assess verbal development is incorrect because these drawing tests do not primarily focus on verbal skills but rather on non-verbal expression through art. Option B) Assess intelligence development is also incorrect as intelligence is not typically measured through drawing tasks but rather through standardized cognitive assessments. Option C) Assess social development is not the primary purpose of these drawing tests, although social interactions may be inferred from the content of the drawings. For nurses, understanding the purpose of these tests is essential as it can inform their holistic assessment of a child's development and emotional well-being. By recognizing the significance of these assessments in evaluating emotional development, nurses can better support children's mental health and communicate effectively with other healthcare professionals involved in the child's care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pharmacology and health promotion, understanding the behavior of different age groups is crucial. In this case, the correct answer is A) Riding an ATV without a helmet, as this behavior is most reflective of a teenager. Teenagers are known for engaging in risky behaviors due to their still developing prefrontal cortex, which affects decision-making and risk assessment. Riding an ATV without a helmet demonstrates impulsivity and a disregard for safety precautions, common traits seen in teenagers. Option B) Not skiing for fear of falling and getting hurt is less reflective of a teenager as it shows caution and fear of injury, which are more commonly associated with older individuals who may have a better understanding of consequences. Option C) Obeying a new parental rule without a challenge is also less indicative of a teenager, as teenagers typically exhibit more rebellious behavior and push back against authority figures as they seek independence and autonomy. Option D) Walking away from a group of friends who are smoking cigarettes is a behavior that shows maturity and concern for personal health, traits that may be more characteristic of an older individual who has a better understanding of the risks associated with smoking. Understanding these behaviors in the context of pharmacology and health promotion is important for healthcare providers working with teenagers, as it allows them to tailor interventions and education to effectively address the specific needs and challenges faced by this age group.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The best initial response from the nurse in this scenario is option A, which states, "The changes during adolescence can be stressful as they struggle to come to terms with who they are. What other types of behaviors has she been displaying?" This response demonstrates empathy, understanding, and a non-judgmental approach to the mother's concern about her daughter's mood swings. It acknowledges the normal challenges of adolescence and opens the door for further exploration of the daughter's behavior. Option B is incorrect because jumping to conclusions about suicide risk without further assessment can create unnecessary fear and anxiety. It's important to approach the situation with sensitivity and gather more information before making assumptions. Option C is also incorrect as asking about family history of psychological disorders may not be the most relevant or helpful response at this initial stage. It could potentially stigmatize mental health conditions and distract from addressing the daughter's current emotional fluctuations. Option D is not the best initial response because immediately associating withdrawal with substance abuse without further exploration can lead to misunderstandings and hinder building trust and open communication with the mother and daughter. In an educational context, this scenario highlights the importance of a holistic and person-centered approach in nursing practice. It emphasizes the significance of active listening, empathy, and understanding the developmental stage of adolescence when addressing mental health concerns in young individuals. By starting with a supportive and non-alarmist response like option A, nurses can establish a foundation of trust and collaboration with patients and their families, leading to more effective assessment and intervention in promoting mental well-being.