A 5-year-old girl with altered mental status and CSF findings of high WBCs (80% neutrophils), low sugar, and high protein likely has:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Bacterial meningitis presents with neutrophilic pleocytosis, low glucose, high protein, and positive Gram stain, requiring urgent antibiotic therapy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Prematurity is the leading cause of low birthweight in the United States

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Systemic reactions to stings or bites are often due to immediate hypersensitivity mediated by IgE. This can lead to anaphylaxis, requiring prompt medical intervention such as epinephrine administration.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 6 treatment for severe persistent asthma includes high-dose inhaled corticosteroids, long-acting beta-agonists, oral corticosteroids, and biologic agents like omalizumab for severe allergic asthma.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Frequent lying in young children is often exploratory and tied to developmental stages like magical thinking. However, it does not necessarily indicate a strong potential for future deceptive behavior.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The apt test is specifically used to differentiate between fetal and maternal blood in cases of swallowed blood syndrome or suspected neonatal bleeding. Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn is diagnosed differently, often through clinical presentation and vitamin K levels.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Cardiogenic shock is more common in later stages of KD.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Avoiding exercise for 4-6 hours after eating the triggering food reduces the risk of exercise-induced anaphylaxis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The Look-Listen-Feel technique is used to assess breathing by observing chest movement, listening for breath sounds, and feeling for airflow.