A 5-year old girl presents to ER with fever, convulsions and unconsciousness of one day duration. On examination she is pale, Glasgow coma scale is 8 and there are no signs of meningial irritation and no focal neurological signs. The most likely diagnosis is:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Cerebral malaria can cause fever, seizures, altered consciousness, and normal cerebrospinal fluid findings without focal neurological signs.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Compartment syndrome is a serious condition that results from increased pressure within a closed anatomical space (compartment), leading to decreased circulation to local neuromuscular structures. In the case of a casted elbow, if compartment syndrome is left untreated and persists for more than 24 hours, irreversible damage can occur. This is due to the compromised blood flow causing tissue ischemia, which can lead to permanent nerve and muscle damage. Therefore, it is crucial for healthcare providers to monitor for signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome and intervene promptly to prevent long-term complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When a neurologist asks a patient to smile, they are testing the function of the facial nerve, Cranial Nerve VII (CN VII). CN VII controls the muscles of facial expression, including the muscles required for smiling. If there is weakness or paralysis on one side of the face when the patient tries to smile, it may indicate a problem with CN VII function, such as Bell's palsy or a lesion affecting the facial nerve.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Answering questions honestly and frankly helps build trust and provides clarity for the child during this difficult time.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Children with ataxia-telangiectasia are highly sensitive to radiation and can suffer severe reactions to radiotherapy.