ATI RN
Pediatric Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 5-year-old girl has been developed type 1 diabetes mellitus 6 months ago. She is on intensive control using multiple daily injections of insulin. A recent blood testing of HgbA1c is 6.5%. Of the following, the MOST frequent complication that may be encountered at this age is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intensive insulin therapy in young children often leads to recurrent hypoglycemia due to tight control (HgbA1c 6.5%), variable eating, and activity patterns. Hyperglycemia (B), weight loss (C), candidiasis (D), and UTIs (E) are less frequent with good control.
Question 2 of 5
Thyroid disorders consist of a variety of diseases that require different treatment according to the cause. Of the following, the thyroid disorder that does not require treatment is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Congenital thyroxine-binding globulin deficiency affects binding protein levels but not thyroid function, requiring no treatment, unlike hypothyroidism (A), cretinism (B), thyroiditis (C), or hyperthyroidism (D), which impair gland function.
Question 3 of 5
Rickets is defined as decreased bone mineralization in growing children. Hypocalcemia may accompany rickets. Of the following, the condition that causes hypocalcemia rather than rickets is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Primary hypoparathyroidism causes hypocalcemia without defective bone mineralization (rickets), unlike vitamin D deficiency (A), biliary atresia (B), renal failure (D), and hypophosphatemia (E), which impair mineralization.
Question 4 of 5
An ACTH-secreting pituitary microadenoma resulting in bilateral adrenal hyperplasia is termed Cushing disease; this should be distinguished from Cushing syndrome due to various causes. Of the following, the BEST test that helps to differentiate between Cushing disease and Cushing syndrome is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Children with stage 5 CKD (ESRD) are typically treated with either dialysis or renal transplantation. A 24-hour urinary cortisol excretion helps identify excess cortisol production, a key step in differentiating Cushing disease (pituitary-driven) from other Cushing syndrome causes, though high-dose dexamethasone (C) is often used later for confirmation.
Question 5 of 5
Nocturnal enuresis is best described as
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nocturnal enuresis is the involuntary loss of urine during sleep, treatable with behavioral strategies or medications like anticholinergics or DDAVP in selected cases.