A 5-year- old boy presented to the emergency department with sudden onset of skin ecchymoses and single attack of epistaxis, the history is negative for any significant event except for preceding upper respiratory tract infection. The examination showed an active healthy looking boy with diffuse skin petechial rash and ecchymoses over both lower and upper limbs, no lymphadenopathy and no organomegaly. The initial CBC is as follows: Hb 12.3 gm/dl, WBC 7.600/cmm, N 45%, L 51%, plt 17.000/cmm, and normal looking film except for rarely seen platelets. The most likely diagnosis is:

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Hematology Final Exam Questions Pdf Questions

Question 1 of 5

A 5-year- old boy presented to the emergency department with sudden onset of skin ecchymoses and single attack of epistaxis, the history is negative for any significant event except for preceding upper respiratory tract infection. The examination showed an active healthy looking boy with diffuse skin petechial rash and ecchymoses over both lower and upper limbs, no lymphadenopathy and no organomegaly. The initial CBC is as follows: Hb 12.3 gm/dl, WBC 7.600/cmm, N 45%, L 51%, plt 17.000/cmm, and normal looking film except for rarely seen platelets. The most likely diagnosis is:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: ITP (A) fits post-viral isolated thrombocytopenia with petechiae and ecchymoses.

Question 2 of 5

One of the following factors is not available in cryoprecipitate

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Factor V (C) is not in cryoprecipitate; others (A, B, D, E) are present.

Question 3 of 5

A 70-year-old man presents with weakness of his right arm and leg. His symptoms began yesterday and are now resolved. He also reports a 6-month history of recurrent headaches and fatigue. He is a nonsmoker. His medical history is significant for high blood pressure. His blood pressure is 167/88 mm Hg, his oxygen saturation is 93% on room air, his face is plethoric, and a right carotid bruit is heard. Other findings on physical examination are normal. Diagnostic testing results are shown in Table 9.Q5. Carotid ultrasonography shows a 30% stenotic lesion in the right carotid. The patient is hospitalized and begins antiplatelet therapy. Which of the following should you order next?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Polycythemia vera is suggested by hemoglobin 20.5 g/dL, hematocrit 58%, low erythropoietin, and thrombosis (TIA). JAK2 V617F mutation testing confirms it in ~90% of cases. BCR-ABL (B) screens for CML, not polycythemia. ABG (C) is unnecessary without hypoxia. Bone marrow (D) can follow later.

Question 4 of 5

A 20-year-old white woman has been admitted to the hospital with pulmonary embolism. She has no chronic illnesses and is receiving no medications except for combination estrogen-progesterone birth control pills that she started using approximately 1 year earlier. Results were normal for a complete blood cell count, baseline prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and tests of kidney and liver function. The patient is currently receiving therapeutic doses of intravenous unfractionated heparin, and her aPTT is therapeutic at 72 seconds. A panel of thrombophilia tests has been performed. Which of the following statements about her thrombophilia test results is correct?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: DNA-based testing for factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A is reliable despite heparin or thrombosis, unlike antithrombin (B) or protein S (D), which can be falsely low acutely and need repeat testing. A single LAC positive (C) requires 12-week confirmation.

Question 5 of 5

Ten years ago, a previously healthy 20-year-old woman presented to her physician with a 2-month history of pruritis, drenching night sweats, unintentional weight loss, and nonproductive cough. On examination, she had 2-cm cervical lymphadenopathy. A computed tomographic scan showed a 12-cm-diameter anterior mediastinal mass. An excisional biopsy of a cervical lymph node showed nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma. After she was treated with ABVD (doxorubicin [Adriamycin], bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine) combination chemotherapy followed by involved field radiotherapy, the disease was in complete remission. Now you see her for the first time for an annual physical examination. The disease remains in complete remission. Compared to her peers, this patient is at increased risk of which of the following conditions?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hodgkin lymphoma survivors post-ABVD and radiotherapy have elevated risks of breast cancer (chest radiation), coronary artery disease (radiation/cardiotoxic drugs), hypothyroidism (neck radiation), and skin cancer (radiation), making E correct.

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