ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Made Easy 4.0 The Hematologic System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 5-year-old boy is brought to his primary care physician by his parents who say that he often has trouble catching his breath when he has been playing hard outside. He is allergic to peanuts. At the moment, he is breathing fine. Which of the following drugs is commonly used to diagnose suspected asthma?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Suspected asthma in a child with exertional dyspnea requires diagnostic confirmation. Methacholine , a muscarinic agonist, provokes bronchoconstriction in asthmatics during a challenge test, confirming airway hyperresponsiveness. Albuterol is a bronchodilator for treatment, not diagnosis. Neostigmine , a cholinesterase inhibitor, is unrelated. Nicotine and Pilocarpine (E) are irrelevant. Methacholine's ability to induce reversible bronchospasm, measured by spirometry, distinguishes asthmatics from normals, making it standard for diagnosis when symptoms are intermittent, as here.
Question 2 of 5
A 53-year-old man spends his mornings outside gardening. He frequently develops tension headaches, and the only medication he keeps at home is aspirin. After taking two regular-sized aspirin tablets almost daily for a few weeks, which of the following side effects is he most at risk for?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 3 of 5
Peripheral adverse effects of levodopa, including nausea, hypotension, and cardiac arrhythmias, can be diminished by including which of the following drugs in the therapy?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Levodopa's peripheral conversion to dopamine by dopa decarboxylase causes nausea (via chemoreceptor trigger zone stimulation), hypotension, and arrhythmias. Carbidopa, a peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, prevents this conversion outside the CNS, reducing these side effects while increasing levodopa's brain availability. Amantadine, an NMDA antagonist, boosts dopamine release but doesn't address peripheral metabolism. Ropinirole, a dopamine agonist, bypasses levodopa but doesn't mitigate its effects. Tolcapone, a COMT inhibitor, prolongs levodopa's action but can increase peripheral dopamine if used alone, worsening side effects. Carbidopa's specific blockade of peripheral decarboxylation directly counters these adverse effects, making it the essential adjunct in levodopa therapy.
Question 4 of 5
The patient receives aspirin. The nurse assesses an adverse effect to this drug when the patient makes which response?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aspirin, an NSAID, inhibits platelet aggregation and can cause gastrointestinal bleeding, leading to dark, tarry stools (melena) from upper GI hemorrhage . This adverse effect requires urgent assessment, as it signals potential internal bleeding, a serious complication. Nasal stuffiness isn't linked to aspirin unless related to an allergic reaction (rare). Headaches from lights suggest photophobia, unrelated to aspirin's effects. Frequent urination isn't a typical side effect. The nurse identifies dark stools as a critical sign of aspirin's impact on gastric mucosa and coagulation, necessitating intervention, making choice A the correct adverse effect to assess.
Question 5 of 5
The physician has prescribed haloperidol (Haldol) for the patient with schizophrenia. What is the priority patient outcome?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Haloperidol treats schizophrenia's positive symptoms, but compliance is the priority outcome, as relapse follows non-adherence. Fluids/fiber manage side effects. Hallucination reduction depends on compliance. Restlessness signals issues, not a goal. B ensures treatment success, making it the priority.