ATI RN
Endocrine System in Pediatrics Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 5-year-old boy develops vomiting and abdominal pain with signs of dehydration. He has been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus since the age of 4 year and he is on insulin therapy since that time. Of the following, the sign that differentiate this condition from gastroenteritis is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tachypnea in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) reflects compensatory hyperventilation due to acidosis, distinguishing it from gastroenteritis. Polyuria (A) and polydipsia (B) are chronic DM symptoms, while tenderness (C) and altered status (E) are nonspecific.
Question 2 of 5
The staging of pubertal changes differs between both genders. The onset of puberty is marked by pubarche and gonadarche. Of the following, the first normal event of puberbertal maturation in boys is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Testicular enlargement (gonadarche) is the first sign of puberty in boys, typically at 11-12 years, preceding pubic hair (B), scrotal changes (C), voice deepening (D), and axillary hair (E).
Question 3 of 5
A 16-year-old female adolescent develops swelling at the anterior aspect of the neck with difficulty of the swallowing. Examination reveals a firm, nontender diffuse goiter with a pebble-like surface. Her mother has had a thyroid disease in early adulthood. Of the following, the MOST valuable test to confirm the diagnosis is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hashimoto thyroiditis, suggested by goiter and family history, is confirmed by elevated antithyroid peroxidase antibodies. Function tests (D) assess impact, while scan (A), biopsy (B), and ultrasound (C) are less specific initially.
Question 4 of 5
You are examining a 5-day-old neonate with ambiguous genitalia; there are no palpable gonads in the inguinal or genital area; the blood pressure is normal according to the age. Of the following, the NEXT step in the management of this neonate is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chromosomal study (karyotype) is the next step to determine genetic sex in ambiguous genitalia, guiding further evaluation. Imaging (A) and hormone tests (C, D, E) follow based on karyotype results.
Question 5 of 5
Renal osteodystrophy is usually due to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Of the following, the treatment incorrectly matched with the condition is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Renal osteodystrophy is usually due to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Alendronate sodium is used in adult osteoporosis, not renal osteodystrophy, which requires phosphate binders or vitamin D analogs.