A 5-year-old African American patient has been admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with pheochromocytoma. The physician has ordered phentolamine. The nurse knows that the other indication for phentolamine is what?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Phentolamine (Regitine) is used for the prevention of cell death and tissue sloughing after extravasation of intravenous norepinephrine or dopamine, and severe hypertension reactions caused by manipulation of the pheochromocytoma before and during surgery; diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Phentolamine would not be indicated for treatment of migraine headaches, life-threatening arrhythmias, or heart failure. The nurse should understand the indications for phentolamine to ensure safe and effective administration.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Allopurinol should be taken with food to reduce gastrointestinal irritation. Limiting vitamin C intake is advised because it can increase uric acid levels, counteracting the drug's effects. A rash is not a normal side effect and may indicate a hypersensitivity reaction, requiring immediate medical attention. The therapeutic effects of allopurinol are not immediate and may take weeks to become apparent. Proper patient education is essential to ensure adherence and safety.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Goat yogurt and other high-protein foods should be avoided when taking levodopa because protein can interfere with the absorption of the medication, reducing its effectiveness. Whole grain cereal, asparagus, and apples are not known to interact with levodopa. Therefore, goat yogurt is the food item to avoid.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hirsutism involves excess androgen-driven hair growth. Tamoxifen, an estrogen modulator, treats breast cancer, not hirsutism. Ethinylestradiol reduces androgens via SHBG increase, but alone isn't optimal. Norethisterone, a progestin, may worsen hirsutism. Finasteride blocks 5-alpha-reductase, reducing DHT, but cyproterone, an anti-androgen, directly inhibits androgen receptors and gonadotropin release, the systemic choice for hirsutism (e.g., in PCOS). Its potency targets the root cause, offering effective hair reduction.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Beta-lactamase isn't the primary resistance mechanism in pneumococci (PBP alteration is), so that's false. Penicillin's poor penetration into gram-negative bacteria due to outer membranes is a true statement, a common resistance factor. Altered penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) drive pneumococcal resistance, not the main general mechanism, though true in context. Methicillin resistance in Staph (MRSA) is due to mecA gene producing altered PBPs, not just beta-lactamase, so that's false. Penetration issues in gram-negatives are a fundamental barrier, guiding beta-lactam design like piperacillin.