ATI RN
ABVD chemotherapy drugs Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 48-year-old man who is obese and a chronic alcoholic is hospitalized for spontaneous peritonitis. He begins a course of gentamicin as part of an empiric antibiotic regimen. Which of the following medications should the physician avoid prescribing while this patient is taking gentamicin?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, increases the risk of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity when combined with gentamicin, due to synergistic effects on the kidneys and ears.
Question 2 of 5
A 33-year-old woman with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea after eating a chicken meal at a country picnic presents to the emergency department. Her serum electrolytes are within normal limits. She is placed on amoxicillin and given an antidiarrheal agent. She returns for follow-up in 1 week with worsening of diarrhea and abdominal pain. What is the most likely explanation for these findings?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Worsening diarrhea after amoxicillin suggests Clostridioides difficile infection (a fungal-like overgrowth due to antibiotic disruption of gut flora), not a fungal infection per se, but a common post-antibiotic complication.
Question 3 of 5
A 37-year-old woman with urinary frequency, urgency, and pelvic pain presents to her primary care physician. She has an allergy to quinolones and penicillin. Urinalysis reveals nitrates, leukocytes, and blood. What is the most appropriate treatment for this patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Erythromycin is a safe option for a UTI in a patient allergic to quinolones and penicillin, effective against common gram-positive and some gram-negative uropathogens.
Question 4 of 5
A 54-year-old man with a history of recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis is placed on a multidrug regimen, including isoniazid. Despite long-term therapy with this agent, the treating physician has concerns about resistance. The most likely mechanism for this to occur is which of the following?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is commonly due to mutations in the KatG gene, which encodes catalase-peroxidase needed to activate isoniazid into its active form.
Question 5 of 5
A 54-year-old man with tuberculosis is maintained on a multidrug regimen including cycloserine. He complains of intermittent chest pressure and dyspnea but this does not limit his daily activities. On a cellular level, which of the following amino acids is blocked by this agent?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cycloserine inhibits the incorporation of D-alanine into the peptidoglycan cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, disrupting cell wall synthesis.