A 46-year-old man with HIV disease presents to clinic because of a change in the appearance of his face over the past couple of months since he started antiviral therapy. His face looks sunken, particularly in the cheeks. His arms also appear to be wasting, whereas his breast tissue seems larger. He is unsure why this occurred. What medication is most likely responsible for this patients’ appearance?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Ritonavir, a protease inhibitor, is associated with lipodystrophy in HIV patients, causing fat redistribution (sunken cheeks,

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Sulphonamides are primarily inactivated by acetylation in the liver, a key metabolic pathway.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Sulphonamides are not used for amebic dysentery, which requires drugs like metronidazole, unlike the other listed conditions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Sulphonamides are well-known for causing crystalluria, especially if urine is acidic or fluid intake is low.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Azoles (e.g., fluconazole) are not typically used by inhalation; they are oral, IV, or topical.