ATI RN
Pharmacology Across the Lifespan Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 45-year-old male with hyperlipidemia is prescribed simvastatin. Simvastatin works by:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase. Simvastatin is a statin medication that works by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which is involved in the synthesis of cholesterol in the liver. By inhibiting this enzyme, simvastatin reduces the production of cholesterol in the body, leading to lower LDL cholesterol levels. Choice A is incorrect because simvastatin actually decreases LDL cholesterol levels. Choice C is incorrect as blocking cholesterol absorption in the intestine is the mechanism of action for a different class of drugs called bile acid sequestrants. Choice D is incorrect as simvastatin primarily reduces LDL cholesterol levels and has a modest effect on increasing HDL cholesterol levels.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following drugs is commonly prescribed for the treatment of hypertension and works by blocking the calcium channels in the heart and blood vessels?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Amlodipine. It is a calcium channel blocker commonly prescribed for hypertension by inhibiting calcium influx into heart and blood vessel cells, leading to vasodilation and decreased blood pressure. Lisinopril (A) is an ACE inhibitor, Losartan (C) is an ARB, and Hydrochlorothiazide (D) is a thiazide diuretic, all of which work through different mechanisms to lower blood pressure.
Question 3 of 5
Drugs with low efficacy bind to receptors but do not fully activate them. Such 'partial agonists' can act as either a weak agonist (in the absence of a full agonist), or as a competitive antagonist (if a full agonist is present). Which curve best reflects the effect produced by this type of agonist when it is administered alone?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because a partial agonist binds to receptors but only partially activates them, resulting in a submaximal response. Curve B depicts a submaximal response that is lower than the maximal response achieved with a full agonist but higher than the response with no agonist. Curve A represents a full agonist with a maximal response, not a partial agonist. Curve C shows no response, which does not align with the partial agonist's characteristic of producing a submaximal response. Curve D depicts an inverse agonist that decreases the basal activity of receptors, not the partial agonist's partial activation. Therefore, the best representation of a partial agonist's effect when administered alone is Curve B.
Question 4 of 5
This drug can act as an agonist at serotonergic and α-adrenergic receptors.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ergonovine. Ergonovine is a drug that can act as an agonist at serotonergic and α-adrenergic receptors. Serotonergic receptors are important in regulating mood and behavior, while α-adrenergic receptors are involved in various physiological processes. Cyproheptadine (A) is a serotonin antagonist, Loratadine (C) is an antihistamine, and Promethazine (D) is a histamine antagonist and dopamine antagonist. Therefore, they do not act as agonists at serotonergic and α-adrenergic receptors.
Question 5 of 5
A 34-year-old man presented to his physician complaining of dry mouth, constipation, and difficulty in urination. He also noticed an increase in appetite. The man had started a therapy with cyproheptadine 2 weeks earlier to treat cold-induced urticaria. Drug-induced blockade of which of the following pairs of receptors most likely mediated the patient's symptoms?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: H1-histaminergic and muscarinic receptors. Cyproheptadine is an antihistamine that blocks H1-histaminergic receptors, leading to dry mouth and increased appetite. Blockade of muscarinic receptors can cause constipation and difficulty in urination. A: Dopaminergic and α1-adrenergic receptors are not typically associated with the symptoms described. C: Blocking α1-adrenergic receptors alone would not explain the urinary symptoms, and dopamine is not involved in these symptoms. D: Serotonergic and GABAergic receptors are not typically associated with these symptoms.