ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Study Guide PDF Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 44-year-old man with acute lymphocytic leukemia is undergoing a multiagent chemotherapy protocol. Agents used include methotrexate. The cycle of medication will last 6 weeks. Which of the following tissues is most likely to experience toxic effects as a result of this therapy?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Methotrexate targets rapidly dividing cells. Buccal mucosa , with high turnover, is most vulnerable, causing mucositis. Bones (B, D) and skin are less affected. Teeth (E) aren't primary. This toxicity reflects methotrexate's antimetabolite action in ALL.
Question 2 of 5
Which medication is a glutamate receptor antagonist that can be used in combination with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor to manage the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Memantine, an NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist, manages Alzheimer's by reducing excitotoxicity from excessive glutamate, which contributes to neuronal damage in later stages. It complements acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (e.g., donepezil), which boost cholinergic function for memory, by targeting a different pathway, slowing progression and improving behavior. Rivastigmine and donepezil are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, not glutamate antagonists. Ropinirole, a dopamine agonist, treats Parkinson's. Fluoxetine, an SSRI, addresses depression. Memantine's unique glutamate modulation, combined with cholinergic enhancement, offers a dual approach, supported by evidence for moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's management.
Question 3 of 5
Potential causes for respiratory alkalosis include
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Respiratory alkalosis occurs when carbon dioxide (CO2) is excessively exhaled, raising blood pH. Hyperventilation is a primary cause, as rapid breathing reduces CO2, a respiratory acid, leading to alkalosis—common in anxiety, fever, or hypoxia. Hypotension or hypertension affects circulation, not ventilation rate directly, and aren't causes. Hypoventilation retains CO2, causing acidosis, not alkalosis. The nurse identifies hyperventilation as the physiological trigger, aligning with acid-base balance principles, making choice D the accurate cause in this context.
Question 4 of 5
The patient receives aspirin. The nurse assesses an adverse effect to this drug when the patient makes which response?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aspirin's antiplatelet effect risks GI bleeding, causing dark stools , a serious adverse effect needing urgent assessment. Nasal stuffiness , photophobia , and nocturia aren't typical. A signals potential hemorrhage, making it the correct adverse effect.
Question 5 of 5
A client is prescribed ciprofloxacin (Cipro) for a urinary tract infection. Which instruction should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, treats UTIs but causes photosensitivity, risking severe sunburn. Avoiding sun exposure prevents this, a key instruction for safety. Milk reduces absorption via calcium binding, lowering efficacy. Taking it PRN risks incomplete treatment and resistance. Doubling doses courts toxicity. Sun avoidance aligns with ciprofloxacin's side effect profile, critical for outpatient adherence where sun exposure is common. This teaching prevents avoidable harm, distinguishing it from administration errors, making B the essential instruction.