ATI RN
Medical Microbiology Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 43 y.o. patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints of high temperature of the body and severe headache. On examination: carbuncle is revealed on the forearm. There are intense edema around it, insignificant pain, regional lymphadenitis. The patient is a worker of cattle-ranch. What disease is it necessary to think about first?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Erysipeloid. Erysipeloid is a bacterial infection caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae commonly found in animals like cattle. The patient's occupation as a cattle-ranch worker puts them at risk for this infection. Symptoms such as high body temperature, severe headache, carbuncle on the forearm with edema, and regional lymphadenitis are typical of erysipeloid. Anthrax (A) is more associated with skin lesions and severe systemic symptoms. Carcinoma of skin (B) presents differently with slow-growing skin lesions. Erysipelas (C) is a different bacterial infection characterized by red, swollen patches on the skin.
Question 2 of 5
A bacteriological laboratory studied the home-made dried fish which had caused a severe food poisoning. Microscopy of the culture grown on the Kitt-Tarozzi medium revealed microorganisms resembling a tennis racket. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Salmonellosis. The description of microorganisms resembling a tennis racket indicates the presence of Salmonella typhi, which causes salmonellosis. Salmonella bacteria can appear like tennis rackets under a microscope due to their flagella. Botulism (A) is caused by Clostridium botulinum, which does not resemble a tennis racket. Cholera (C) is caused by Vibrio cholerae, which appears as curved rods under the microscope. Dysentery (D) is usually caused by bacteria like Shigella or Entamoeba histolytica, which do not resemble tennis rackets.
Question 3 of 5
A laboratory received a material from a patient's wound. Preliminary diagnosis is gaseous gangrene. What microbiological method should be applied to determine species of causative agent?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bacteriological. This method involves isolating and culturing the causative bacteria from the wound material to determine the species. This allows for further testing to confirm gaseous gangrene and identify the specific pathogen. Choice B: Allergic is incorrect as it pertains to immune responses, not identifying bacteria. Choice C: Bacterioscopic is incorrect as it refers to microscopic examination of bacteria, not species identification. Choice D: Serological is incorrect as it involves testing for antibodies in the blood, not identifying the causative agent directly.
Question 4 of 5
A 32 y.o. man is divorced, has an irregular sexual life. He complains of falling out of hair in the region of eyelashes, eyebrows, scalp. Objectively: diffuse alopecia is observed, eyebrow margin is absent, eyelashes are stair-like (Pinkus' sign). What examination should be carried out first of all?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Wasserman test, IFT. The patient's symptoms of diffuse alopecia and Pinkus' sign are suggestive of secondary syphilis. The Wasserman test and Immunofluorescence Test (IFT) are used to detect antibodies against Treponema pallidum, the bacterium causing syphilis. This would confirm or rule out syphilis as the underlying cause of the patient's symptoms. Choice B (T.pallidum Immobilization Test) is similar to the Wasserman test but less commonly used. Choice C (Detection of the nasal mucous membrane for M.leprae) is irrelevant as leprosy does not present with the described symptoms. Choice D (Consultation of neuropathist) is premature without ruling out syphilis first. Thus, the Wasserman test, IFT should be the initial examination to investigate the likely cause of the patient's symptoms.
Question 5 of 5
Among public catering workers examined by doctors of sanitary and epidemiologic station often occur asymptomatic parasite carriers. This means that a healthy person carries cysts that infect other people. Such parasitizing is possible for the following causative agent:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Dysenteric amoeba (Choice A) is the correct answer because it can exist asymptomatically in carriers and be transmitted through cysts. 2. Malarial plasmodium (Choice B) causes malaria, not carried asymptomatically in cysts. 3. Intestinal trichomonad (Choice C) causes trichomoniasis, not carried asymptomatically in cysts. 4. Dermatotropic leishmania (Choice D) causes skin lesions, not carried asymptomatically in cysts.