ATI RN
Microbiology Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 42-year-old patient with gastric ulcer has a disbalance between the aggressive and defensive factors. Which of the following factors contributes to the development of gastric ulcer?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Helicobacter pylori. This bacterium is a major cause of gastric ulcers by disrupting the balance between aggressive (acid, pepsin) and defensive (mucus, bicarbonate, prostaglandins) factors in the stomach lining. H. pylori infection leads to inflammation, weakening the protective mucosal barrier, making the stomach more susceptible to damage. Choices B, C, and D are defensive factors that help protect the stomach lining and prevent ulcer formation, so they do not contribute to the development of gastric ulcers.
Question 2 of 5
Routine investigation of microbiological sanitary condition of air in a hospital is performed once in 3 months. What microorganism is the sanitary indicator of air condition in an enclosed space?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: P.aeruginosa. This bacterium is commonly found in water and soil, making its presence in indoor air an indicator of poor sanitation. Step 1: P.aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen known to cause infections in hospitals. Step 2: Its presence in the air indicates potential contamination and poor air quality. Step 3: Regular monitoring of P.aeruginosa levels can help assess the effectiveness of sanitation measures. Summary: A, B, and C are not suitable indicators of air sanitation in an enclosed space as they are not typically associated with environmental contamination or poor air quality.
Question 3 of 5
The main structural components of viruses are
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice A: 1. Viruses contain genetic material in the form of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA). 2. Proteins are essential for the structure and function of viral particles. 3. Nucleic acids (genetic material) and proteins are the two main components of viruses. 4. Therefore, choice A (nucleic acid and proteins) is correct. Summary: - Choice B (nucleic acids and lipids) is incorrect as lipids are not a main structural component of viruses. - Choice C (lipids and proteins) is incorrect as nucleic acids are essential components of viruses. - Choice D (proteins and glycoproteins) is incorrect as glycoproteins are a type of protein and not a separate component in viruses.
Question 4 of 5
What is the associated disease for rubella virus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Fifth disease. Rubella virus is associated with Fifth disease, also known as erythema infectiosum. It is caused by parvovirus B19, not rubella virus. Mumps (choice A) is caused by the mumps virus. Roseola (choice B) is caused by human herpesvirus 6 or 7. Rubeola (choice C) is the scientific name for measles, caused by the measles virus. Therefore, the correct answer is Fifth disease as it is the disease associated with rubella virus.
Question 5 of 5
All are non-fermentative gram-negative rods except
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Klebsiella pneumoniae. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a fermentative gram-negative rod, which means it can ferment sugars. In contrast, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are non-fermentative gram-negative rods. These organisms do not ferment sugars for energy production. Therefore, Klebsiella pneumoniae is the only fermentative organism among the choices, making it the correct answer.