A 42-year-old man undergoes a neurologic evaluation because of episodes of apparent confusion. Over the past year, the man has experienced episodes during which he develops a blank look on his face and fails to respond to questions. Moreover, it appears to take several minutes before the man recovers from the episodes. Which one of the following best describes this type of seizure?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Focal complex partial seizures impair consciousness, causing confusion, unresponsiveness, and a blank stare, lasting minutes with slow recovery, as described. Simple partial seizures preserve awareness with focal symptoms. Tonic-clonic seizures feature convulsions. Absence seizures are brief (seconds) with rapid recovery. Myoclonic seizures involve jerks. The prolonged duration and impaired consciousness align with complex partial seizures' temporal lobe origin and EEG findings, distinguishing it here.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The nurse should suggest the patient mix the cholestyramine powder with food or fruit, or at least 4 to 6 ounces of fluid. Cholestyramine is a medication that works by binding with bile acids in the intestine, which requires mixing the powder with a sufficient amount of fluid to ensure proper administration. Mixing the powder with 4 to 6 ounces of fluid or food will help prevent clumping and ensure optimal effectiveness of the medication. Mixing it with a carbonated soda drink (option A) may not be ideal as the effervescence could affect the medication's stability. Adding the powder to any liquid and stirring vigorously (option B) may not effectively dissolve the powder. Taking the powder dry followed by a glass of water (option E) may also not be as effective in ensuring proper administration as when mixed with food or fluid.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The antidote for Heparin, which is an anticoagulant medication, is protamine sulfate. Heparin works by inhibiting the body's ability to form blood clots, and an overdose of Heparin can lead to excessive bleeding. Protamine sulfate works by neutralizing the anticoagulant effects of Heparin. This antidote is particularly useful in cases of overdose or when immediate reversal of Heparin's effects is needed, such as during surgery or in emergency situations. Other options listed, such as Warfarin, Insulin, and Naloxone, are not the appropriate antidotes for Heparin toxicity.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Orlistat works within the gastrointestinal tract by inhibiting pancreatic lipase, reducing fat absorption directly without systemic absorption.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The bacterial glycocalyx is a sticky, gelatinous substance that surrounds the bacterial cell wall. It helps protect the bacteria from antibiotic and immunologic destruction by forming a barrier that prevents antibiotics and immune cells from effectively reaching and eliminating the bacterial infection. This protection allows the bacteria to persist and cause persistent infections, even when antibiotics are administered through the catheter.