ATI RN
Central Nervous System Stimulants and Related Drugs NCLEX Style Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 42-year-old man is diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. He has tried diet and exercise without success. A second-generation sulfonylurea agent is prescribed. Which of the following is the most likely side effect he will experience?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Second-generation sulfonylureas (e.g., glimepiride, choice A) cause hypoglycemia by stimulating insulin release, a common side effect. Lactic acidosis (choice B) is Metformin-related, myositis (choice C) and pruritus (choice D) aren't typical. Hypoglycemia requires monitoring.
Question 2 of 5
A 34-year-old woman with chronic irritable bowel syndrome with predominance of diarrhea and left lower quadrant pain begins smoking in response to the numerous stresses in her personal and professional life. She smokes one pack per day. She presents to her primary care physician for treatment of her irritable bowel syndrome. The physician expects a change in which of the following symptoms of her irritable bowel syndrome?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nicotine can exacerbate diarrhea in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, particularly those with diarrhea-predominant IBS.
Question 3 of 5
The drug/drugs used mainly for induction of general anesthesia is/are
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Thiopentone fentanyl + droperidol and ketamine are all used for induction of anesthesia in different clinical scenarios.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following drugs was most likely prescribed for the 12-year-old girl with refractory absence seizures?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this case, the neurologist decided to add a second-generation antiepileptic drug that blocks voltage-gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels and may inhibit the synaptic release of glutamate. Among the choices, Lamotrigine fits this description as it is known to block voltage-gated sodium channels, making it the most likely drug prescribed for the patient.
Question 5 of 5
Pharmacologic actions of acetylsalicylic acid include all of the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) inhibits COX enzymes, reducing prostaglandin synthesis (choice D), yielding analgesic (choice A) and antipyretic (choice B) effects by decreasing pain mediators and hypothalamic heat regulation, respectively. However, it inhibits, not promotes, platelet aggregation (choice C) by blocking thromboxane A2 production, a pro-aggregatory prostaglandin, making it antiplatelet, used in cardiovascular prophylaxis. Promotion of aggregation would contradict its mechanism. This exception tests understanding of aspirin's unique antiplatelet action among NSAIDs, critical for its clinical applications.