ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 40-year-old man (weight 60 kg) is admitted to the trauma ICU after a motor vehicle accident. He is noted to have a serum magnesium concentration of 1.2 mg/dL, and his family states he has a history of alcohol abuse. He is given magnesium sulfate 6 g intravenously over 4 hours by the primary service. His repeat serum magnesium concentration on the following day is 1.8 mg/dL. Which would be the most appropriate treatment for this patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Alcohol abuse often leads to chronic magnesium depletion. A serum level of 1.8 mg/dL is still low-normal, and repletion typically requires multiple days (4-5) of magnesium therapy to restore intracellular stores.
Question 2 of 5
When a body is dehydrated, water in the urinary bladder
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Water in the bladder is urine already filtered and cannot be reabsorbed; it is expelled despite dehydration.
Question 3 of 5
The primary osmoreceptors are located in the
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect changes in plasma osmolarity and trigger responses like vasopressin release.
Question 4 of 5
Why is sodium actively reabsorbed in the nephron?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Active sodium reabsorption creates an osmotic gradient that drives passive water reabsorption.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is NOT true about angiotensin II?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Angiotensin II activates sympathetic, not parasympathetic, output to raise blood pressure.