A 4-year old client was brought to the health center with chief complaint of severe diarrhea and the passage of "rice water”. The client is most probably suffering from which condition?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cholera. The key indicators are severe diarrhea and passage of "rice water" stool, which is characteristic of cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae. Cholera results in profuse watery diarrhea leading to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Giardiasis (A) presents with foul-smelling diarrhea, amebiasis (C) causes bloody diarrhea, and dysentery (D) is associated with mucus and blood in stool, none of which match the presentation in this case.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Infectious mononucleosis. This infection is characterized by tonsilllopharyngitis, which is inflammation of the tonsils and pharynx. It is a common symptom of infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. Respiratory candidiasis (choice A) typically presents as oral thrush, not tonsillitis. Cytomegalovirus disease (choice C) commonly affects the eyes, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs but does not specifically cause tonsilllopharyngitis. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (choice D) is a severe lung infection often seen in AIDS patients, but it does not manifest as tonsilllopharyngitis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Antiretroviral agents like AZT do not cure AIDS; they only manage symptoms and slow disease progression. A: Correct, as they can prolong the client's life. B: Correct, as they help prevent opportunistic infections. C: Correct, as they can reduce the period of communicability. D: Incorrect, as antiretrovirals do not cure AIDS but rather control the virus.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because conducting health screenings for individuals in a specific town or city aligns with the community health nurse's focus on population-based care. This action targets a broader group rather than individual patients, promoting health and preventing illness at a community level. A: Providing individualized care for multiple patients with a specific chronic illness is more focused on individual patient care rather than the community as a whole. C: Administering vaccines to individuals at high risk of disease complications is important for prevention, but it still targets individuals rather than the community as a whole. D: Treating a client's acute illness in a hospital setting is also more focused on individual patient care and not on community health nursing principles.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because involving community members in assessment processes increases the likelihood of their participation in interventions and programs. Step 1: Engaging community members fosters ownership and empowerment. Step 2: By involving them, nurses gain insights and perspectives essential for effective interventions. Step 3: Collaboration enhances trust and cooperation, leading to sustainable community health improvements. Incorrect choices: A is incorrect as a windshield survey is a quick observation, not an improvement tool. B is incorrect as sharing workload is not the primary reason for involving community members. D is incorrect as control should not be the goal, but rather empowerment and partnership.