ATI RN
Infectious Disease Pediatric Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 4-year-old child presents with acute onset of colicky abdominal pain, blood-stained diarrhea, and tenesmus. There is no fever. Trophozoites are seen in the stool. The family has recently returned from a trip to Mexico. Which etiology should be suspected?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Entamoeba histolytica causes amebic dysentery with bloody diarrhea and trophozoites in stool.
Question 2 of 5
A 9-month-old infant have remittent fever for the last 4 days with nasal congestion and mild cough, today he developed maculopapular rash after subsidence of the fever. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Roseola (B) typically presents with high fever for days, followed by a rash after fever subsides, common in infants, unlike rubella (A), measles (C), scarlet fever (D), or Kawasaki (E).
Question 3 of 5
A 5-year-old child (who had neurosurgical procedure before 1 month) presented with fever, headache, repeated vomiting, and nuchal rigidity; Kemig and Brudzinski are positive; cerebrospinal fluid findings are (leukocytes 550/μL with PMNs predominate), protein (120 mg/dL), and glucose (44 mg/dL); serum glucose (118 mg/dL). Of the following, the MOST common organism that cause this condition is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Post-neurosurgery meningitis is most commonly caused by Staphylococcus (A), often skin flora like S. aureus or epidermidis, per infectious disease data.
Question 4 of 5
Of the following, the MOST common viral cause of common cold is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rhinoviruses (B) cause ~50% of common colds, per virology data, outranking others (A, C, D, E).
Question 5 of 5
A 7-year-old child presented with persistent mucopurulent rhinorrhea, nasal stuffiness, headache and cough, mainly at night preceded by history flue like illness; on examination there are facial swelling and tenderness. Of the following, the major predisposing factor for the development of this condition is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sinusitis here follows a flu-like illness (common cold, D), the primary predisposing factor via obstruction and infection, per pediatric sinusitis data.