ATI RN
Chemotherapy drugs Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 4-year-old boy is brought by his mother to the clinic complaining of perianal itching. He spends the weekdays at a daycare center. The mother also brings a strip of adhesive tape from the night before which she had stuck to the child’s perianal area as the doctor had ordered on the phone. Microscopic examination of the tape revealed small, white, round worms. Which is the best treatment for this child?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mebendazole is the treatment of choice for pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) infection, common in daycare settings, killing the worms by inhibiting microtubule formation.
Question 2 of 5
A 34-year-old woman complains of fever, fatigue, weight loss, arthralgia, and transient patchy alopecia during the last 3 months. Her review of systems is notable for occasional rhinorrhea and cough that responds well to oral decongestant therapy. Her prior surgical history is notable for cesarean section and tubal ligation at age 31 years. A similar constellation of symptoms occurred 6 months ago during treatment for a cardiovascular disease. Antinuclear antibody testing was positive at her last visit 6 months ago and is still positive at the present time. Presently, her hematocrit is 36% and creatinine is 1.2 mg/dL. The most likely etiology of this constellation of symptoms and findings is related to
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Procainamide, used for arrhythmias, can cause drug-induced lupus, presenting with fever, arthralgia, alopecia, and positive ANA, consistent with her cardiovascular treatment history.
Question 3 of 5
A 41-year-old man with a history of gastroesophageal reflux disorder and diabetes mellitus is managed with cimetidine and diet/exercise for these disorders. The fact that he takes cimetidine means that the treating physician must be attune to increased effects of which of the following drugs?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cimetidine, an H2 blocker, inhibits CYP450 enzymes (e.g., CYP2C9), increasing serum levels of phenytoin, a narrow therapeutic index drug, risking toxicity.
Question 4 of 5
A 41-year-old woman with acute myelogenous leukemia is undergoing a weekly intravenous infusion of chemotherapeutic agents. Upon completion of each cycle, she develops severe nausea and vomiting. A pharmacologic agent is administered intravenously, which seems to decrease nausea in this patient. This agent might have a mechanism of action at which of the following receptors?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ondansetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, is commonly used IV to block serotonin-mediated nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy.
Question 5 of 5
A 47-year-old male presented with a fungal infection 2 weeks ago and was treated appropriately with an antifungal. However, the man returns today because of noticeable enlargement of his breasts. He read on the Internet that the medication he was given can cause gynecomastia. What antifungal was he most likely given?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ketoconazole inhibits androgen synthesis by blocking cytochrome P450 enzymes, leading to gynecomastia, a known side effect, unlike other listed antifungals.