A 4-year-old boy had an episode of enuresis. Which of the following actions should be taken by the parents?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct action for the parents to take is option A: have him change his own pajamas before going to bed. Enuresis, or bedwetting, is a common issue in young children and can be a result of various factors such as developmental delays, stress, or medical conditions. By having the child change his own pajamas, parents are promoting independence and self-care skills, which can help boost the child's self-esteem and sense of responsibility. Option B, taking away a video game, is not an appropriate response to enuresis as it does not address the underlying cause of the issue and may lead to feelings of shame or punishment in the child. Option C, telling his 6-year-old sister about the incident, is also not recommended as it can embarrass the child and damage sibling relationships. Option D, making him wear a diaper to bed, does not address the underlying issue and may not be developmentally appropriate for a 4-year-old. Educationally, it is important for parents to understand that enuresis is a common issue in young children and should be approached with patience, understanding, and support. Encouraging self-care and independence in managing the situation can help the child feel empowered and supported in addressing the issue.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The best way for the nurse to approach a 3-year-old child during a physical exam is to let the child listen to the nurse's heart with the stethoscope (Option A). This approach is developmentally appropriate as it engages the child in a non-threatening way, allowing them to be curious and involved in the examination process. It helps build trust and rapport between the nurse and the child, making the experience more comfortable and less intimidating. Option B, telling the child to sit quietly while being examined, may not be effective for a young child as it can be challenging for them to sit still for an extended period, leading to potential anxiety and resistance. Option C, asking parents to leave the room to minimize distractions, may increase the child's anxiety as separation from caregivers can be distressing for young children during medical procedures. Option D, asking another nurse to hold the child during the exam, may create a sense of fear and lack of control for the child, potentially escalating the situation and making the examination more difficult. In an educational context, understanding child development is crucial for healthcare providers to provide age-appropriate care. Engaging children in a friendly and interactive manner during exams helps establish trust, reduce fear, and promote cooperation, leading to a positive healthcare experience for both the child and the provider.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) The medications can make acne appear worse at first; try to give it a few more weeks. This answer is correct because many acne medications, especially those containing retinoids or benzoyl peroxide, can cause an initial flare-up of acne before improvement is seen. This is due to the medications working to bring underlying acne to the surface, which can initially make the acne look worse. It is important for the teenager to continue using the medication as prescribed and give it time to work. Option A) is incorrect because over-washing and scrubbing the face excessively can actually irritate the skin and worsen acne by stripping away natural oils and causing inflammation. Option C) is incorrect because there is no scientific evidence linking chocolate consumption to acne. It is a common myth that chocolate causes acne, but this has not been supported by research. Option D) is incorrect because sun exposure can actually worsen acne and cause skin damage, especially without proper sun protection. Encouraging sunbathing without sunscreen can increase the risk of skin cancer and premature aging. In an educational context, it is essential to teach patients about the potential side effects of acne medications and the importance of following the prescribed treatment regimen. Understanding the mechanism of action of acne medications can help patients manage their expectations and adhere to treatment despite initial worsening of symptoms. Promoting evidence-based skincare practices and debunking myths about acne can empower individuals to make informed decisions about their skin health.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, option C, which states "Takes frequent naps and states it is because he is bored," is the cause for concern among teenage behaviors. This behavior raises red flags as excessive daytime sleepiness could be a sign of underlying issues such as depression, anxiety, or other mental health concerns. It is crucial to address this behavior promptly to prevent potential negative consequences on the teenager's overall well-being. Option A, having difficulty waking up in the morning and napping during the day, could be attributed to poor sleep hygiene or a demanding schedule, which are relatively common among teenagers. Option B, going to bed late and napping during the day, may suggest a shift in the teenager's circadian rhythm, which is typical during adolescence due to biological changes. Option D, participating in after-school activities and having difficulty waking up, indicates a busy schedule rather than a cause for immediate concern unless it significantly impacts the teenager's daily functioning. Educationally, understanding these behaviors helps educators and healthcare providers differentiate between normal teenage tendencies and behaviors that warrant further evaluation and intervention. By recognizing the significance of excessive daytime sleepiness and its potential underlying causes, educators can play a crucial role in supporting the mental health and well-being of teenagers in their care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of preventing adolescent pregnancies, option A is the most appropriate intervention for the school nurse to implement. This is because talking to teenagers about sex, including abstinence, contraception, and sexually transmitted diseases, provides them with comprehensive information to make informed decisions about their sexual health. Option B, telling teenagers to abstain from sex, is not a realistic or effective approach as it may not align with teenagers' behaviors or choices. Option C, encouraging parents to start their daughters on oral contraceptives early, is not within the nurse's scope of practice and may not address the underlying issues of education and empowerment. Option D, offering free condoms, is a valuable intervention but may not address the need for comprehensive sexual health education. Educationally, it is crucial for adolescents to receive accurate information about sex, contraception, and STIs to empower them to make healthy choices. By engaging in open and honest discussions, the school nurse can support adolescents in understanding the risks and responsibilities associated with sexual activity, ultimately contributing to the prevention of adolescent pregnancies.