A 4 week old baby was brought to the health center for his first immunization. Which can be given to him?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: OPV1. At 4 weeks old, the baby can receive the oral polio vaccine (OPV1) as part of the routine immunization schedule. OPV1 helps protect against polio, a highly infectious viral disease. DPT1 (choice A) is usually given at 6 weeks, Infant BCG (choice C) is given at birth, and Hepatitis B Vaccine (choice D) is given within the first 24 hours of life. Therefore, OPV1 is the appropriate choice for a 4-week-old baby.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Chest indrawing. This sign indicates severe pneumonia in young children because it shows increased effort in breathing due to the lungs working harder to get enough oxygen. Chest indrawing is a visual indication of the child struggling to breathe, a critical symptom of severe pneumonia. Rationale: 1. Dyspnea (A) is a general term for difficulty in breathing and can be present in various respiratory conditions, not specific to severe pneumonia. 2. Wheezing (B) is typically associated with asthma or bronchiolitis, not a definitive sign of severe pneumonia. 3. Fast breathing (C) is a common symptom of pneumonia but alone may not indicate severity, unlike chest indrawing which is a more critical sign of respiratory distress.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Supervise the mother in giving 200 to 400 ml of Oresol in 4 hours. Rationale: 1. Oresol helps in rehydration and contains essential electrolytes. 2. For a 3-month-old with some dehydration, oral rehydration therapy is effective and safe. 3. The amount specified (200-400ml) is appropriate for the age and condition. 4. Supervision ensures proper administration and monitoring of intake. 5. This aligns with IMCI guidelines promoting effective home-based management of dehydration. Summary: A: Bringing the infant to a facility for IV fluids is not necessary for some dehydration. C: Giving home management instructions without active involvement may lead to improper rehydration. D: Keeping the infant in the health center is not needed if proper home-based rehydration can be supervised.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Assess and treat the child for health problems like infections and intestinal parasitism. This is the correct approach based on the IMCI guidelines for managing a 2-year-old child with "baggy pants," which may indicate malnutrition. By assessing and treating health issues like infections and parasitism, the child's nutritional status can improve. Referring the child urgently to a hospital for confinement (A) is not necessary unless there are severe complications. Coordinating with a social worker for a feeding program (B) may be beneficial but addressing health issues is the priority. Making a teaching plan for menu planning (C) is important, but addressing underlying health problems should come first.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The correct dose for preschoolers to prevent xerophthalmia is 10,000 IU of Retinol every 6 months. This dosage is within the safe range for young children and is sufficient to meet their vitamin A requirements. Choices B, C, and D exceed the recommended dose for preschoolers, which can lead to toxicity and adverse effects. Therefore, choice A is correct as it provides the appropriate amount of Retinol to prevent xerophthalmia without risking vitamin A toxicity.