ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Made Easy 4.0 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 39-year-old man who suffered a work-related injury has chronic back pain. A morphine pain pump was implanted to control his chronic pain. Formerly, he had chronic diarrhea which is now much improved. What is the most likely explanation for this finding?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Morphine, an opioid, improves chronic diarrhea by increasing intestinal circular muscle tone . Opioids slow GI motility via μ-receptors, enhancing tone and reducing peristalsis. Option , improved motility, opposes this. Options , , and (E) weaken continence or motility, not fitting. This constipating effect explains the improvement, a common opioid side effect.
Question 2 of 5
Which instruction is important for the nurse to include when teaching a patient about imatinib therapy?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Grapefruit juice can inhibit the metabolism of imatinib, leading to increased drug levels and a higher risk of side effects. Patients should be advised to avoid grapefruit juice while on imatinib therapy. Headaches are not typically an emergency unless severe or accompanied by other symptoms. Imatinib is a long-term treatment, not one that stops working after 2 months. Taking the drug on an empty stomach is not required; it can be taken with food to reduce gastrointestinal side effects.
Question 3 of 5
A patient is receiving heparin therapy as part of the treatment for a pulmonary embolism. The nurse monitors the results of which laboratory test to check the drug™s effectiveness?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse monitors the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) to check the effectiveness of heparin therapy in a patient with a pulmonary embolism. Heparin works by inhibiting the clotting cascade, specifically by potentiating the activity of antithrombin III, which inactivates thrombin and factor Xa. Monitoring the aPTT helps determine the appropriate dosage of heparin to maintain therapeutic levels of anticoagulation and prevent clot formation without increasing the risk of bleeding. The desired therapeutic range for aPTT when a patient is on heparin therapy is usually 1.5 to 2.5 times the control value. Monitoring aPTT levels regularly helps ensure that the patient is receiving the correct dose of heparin for effective treatment of the pulmonary embolism.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse completes medication education for the client receiving antihistamines. The nurse evaluates that learning has occurred when the client makes which statement?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Antihistamines, particularly first-generation ones (e.g., diphenhydramine), block H1 receptors but cross the blood-brain barrier, causing sedation. The statement 'This medication could make me very sleepy' shows the client understands this key side effect, indicating effective education. Alcohol exacerbates sedation, so that's incorrect. Increased fluids aren't specifically required unless addressing dry mouth, a secondary issue. OTC status doesn't guarantee safety, a common misconception. The nurse evaluates learning by the client's recognition of drowsiness, critical for safety (e.g., avoiding driving), making choice D the best evidence of comprehension.
Question 5 of 5
Meperidine hydrochloride (Demerol) is given to a client who is experiencing post-operative pain. Which of the following are the side effects of the medication, except?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Meperidine hydrochloride (Demerol) is an opioid analgesic used for pain relief, but it is known to cause side effects. Tremors are not a common side effect associated with Meperidine. Diarrhea, sweating, and dizziness are commonly reported side effects of this medication. Tremors are more commonly associated with stimulant medications or conditions like anxiety or certain neurological disorders.