A 39 y.o. homemaker sees her physician after she falls twice for seemingly no reason. Diagnostic tests are done, and she is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Which of the ff. explanations will help her understand her disease?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Option D, "The insulation on your nerve cells is damaged, which slows the impulses to the muscles," is the most accurate explanation for multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath, the protective covering of nerve fibers in the central nervous system. This damage disrupts the normal flow of electrical impulses along the nerves, leading to various symptoms such as muscle weakness, coordination problems, and balance issues. By understanding that the insulation on her nerve cells is damaged, the patient can better comprehend why she is experiencing symptoms like muscle weakness and falls.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: After thoracentesis, it is important to position the client on the unaffected side to prevent leakage of fluid into the thoracic cavity. Placing the client on the unaffected side helps to promote proper drainage and reduce the risk of complications such as pneumothorax or fluid leakage. This position also allows for adequate lung expansion and facilitates proper re-expansion of the lung on the side where the fluid was removed. It is essential to follow this positioning to optimize outcomes and minimize risks associated with the procedure.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Acute bacterial conjunctivitis is commonly known as "pinkeye." This condition is characterized by inflammation of the conjunctiva (the thin transparent layer covering the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids) due to a bacterial infection. It is a common eye condition that can cause symptoms such as redness, swelling, itching, and a discharge from the eye. Treatment often involves antibiotic eye drops or ointments to help clear the infection. It is important for patients with pinkeye to practice good hygiene, avoid sharing towels or pillows, and wash hands frequently to prevent the spread of infection to others.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The symptoms described in the client, such as increased urination, anorexia, weakness, irritability, depression, and bone pain suggest hyperparathyroidism. In hyperparathyroidism, excess parathyroid hormone (PTH) is released, leading to increased calcium levels in the blood. This results in symptoms such as increased thirst and urination (polyuria), anorexia, weakness, irritability, depression, and bone pain. The bone pain in hyperparathyroidism can be severe and interfere with the client's ability to go outdoors. It is essential to consider hyperparathyroidism as a potential cause of these symptoms in the 68-year-old client and further diagnostic evaluations should be conducted to confirm the diagnosis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: There is a well-established positive correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Obesity is a major risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes due to excess body fat leading to increased insulin resistance. As fat accumulates in the body, especially around the abdomen, the cells become less responsive to insulin, causing blood sugar levels to rise. This can ultimately lead to the development of type 2 diabetes. Managing obesity through lifestyle modifications such as healthy eating and regular exercise is crucial in preventing and managing type 2 diabetes.